Methods of psychological correction of horting athletes
In addition to psychological self-regulation methods that affect a different level of emotional stress, increase the resistance of a combat horting athlete to stress, there is another group of methods for increasing mental resistance to stress - these are methods of psychological correction. Methods of psychological correction are aimed at changing those character traits and behavior of an athlete that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of emotional stress.
Such character traits are, for example, irritability, envy, arrogance, shyness, inability to find harmony with people, uncritical attitude towards oneself, vindictiveness. Such character traits increase emotional stress, because they generate conflicts with people, prevent the establishment of mutual understanding, the disclosure of abilities and the achievement of the set goal.
The use of various methods of psychological correction allows you to influence the negative character traits of a combat horting athlete and develop formal and informal communication skills. Ultimately, they contribute to his personal development. Such methods include the method of systematic desensitization, emotional-rational therapy, psychological games, socio-psychological training, business games, psychodrama, etc.
But unlike relaxation methods, which, with some exceptions, can be learned independently, guided by popular science literature, training using psychological correction methods must be carried out under the guidance of an experienced specialist (trainer, psychologist).
It must be remembered that negative emotions and mental overloads that accompany them are natural manifestations of the life of a combat horting athlete. Therefore, from childhood it is necessary to instill the belief in the need to be prepared for various stressful situations. An attempt to isolate a child from the complexities of life leads to the fact that a collision with reality traumatizes the psyche of a young athlete, whose protective mechanisms are not prepared for such a collision.
Thus, the immune system is strengthened and developed when interacting with antigens, and negative emotions, which are largely determined by the hierarchy of social values, serve as factors that activate the protective mechanisms of the athlete's nervous system.
A combat horting athlete should be taught to overcome negative emotions, to cultivate in him strong-willed qualities and self-organization, perseverance in achieving the goal, independence and a sense of complicity in the life and work of other people. This, in particular, reveals the compensatory role of the human community in the adaptation of the athlete to a certain activity, which, as noted above, is becoming more and more complicated and intellectualized.
Unfortunately, until recently, school and student training was more focused on the cognitive side of education, and issues of upbringing, which undoubtedly include psycho-emotional training, were beyond the attention of teachers. The valeological educational course aims to fill this gap in work with youth.
Summing up, we note that mastering the skills of mental self-regulation and improving your ability to solve complex life problems, to develop yourself as a person is difficult. Someone may think that there are too many different methods, and everything is very difficult to perform. But it is easier to take a pill - and the mental pain will pass, smoke a cigarette - and relax or collect your thoughts, drink wine - and your mood will improve. But the problem will remain.
Basics of self-psychotherapy in combat horting
Mental health is the path to happiness and longevity. The health of the population determines the happiness and longevity of both an individual person and the prosperity of the entire nation. However, in recent years, there has been a steady trend towards deterioration in the health of the population of Ukraine. The situation is complicated by the simultaneous deterioration of the mental health of the country's population: according to the latest data, 2 million out of 45 have neuropsychiatric disorders of various etiologies, the number of psychopathic individuals is increasing, and mentally normal people are becoming ill because they do not know effective mechanisms for preserving, strengthening, and restoring mental health in conditions of constant physical and intellectual overload, stress, and social adversity.
The mental health of a combat horting athlete is a state of the intellectual and emotional sphere, the basis of which is a feeling of spiritual comfort, which provides an adequate behavioral response. This state is determined by both biological and social needs, as well as the possibilities of their satisfaction.
Active longevity is promoted by such mental qualities and character traits as: a stable psyche, achieved through self-education and self-training; kindness, honesty, sensitivity, conscientiousness and a sense of humor; desire to live. The listed factors are more fully realized with intellectual saturation of life, creative work and family well-being.
At the same time, excitement, grief, fear and other emotions that strain and disturb a combat horting athlete are enemies of his health. Realizing in a stress syndrome, they disrupt normal well-being, give rise to discomfort and illness. It is probably impossible to find an athlete who is not familiar with a state of strong nervous tension. It is good if such a state passes quickly. If it does not give rest for weeks, months and longer, then it turns into a serious training and life problem.
It becomes especially relevant when a combat horting athlete feels that his heart or stomach begins to hurt, his pressure "jumps", and he understands that his illness arose, as they say, on a nervous basis, that is, under the influence of prolonged emotional overstrain. Thus, the path from the athlete's mental illness to somatic diseases arises: endocrine balance disorders, digestive organs, blood circulation, increased pressure, changes in body temperature, etc.
The connection of somatic diseases with nervous diseases has been noticed for a long time. People prone to fear and internal tension are more likely to have heart disease, while those prone to anger are more likely to have liver disease, and apathetic people with low vitality are more likely to have stomach and intestinal disease. Negative emotions can lead to an exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, diabetes, and hypertension.
Professional scientific research has confirmed the unity of the somatic and mental in humans. Physical health and mental state are inseparable and interconnected. Folk wisdom expressed this in the proverb: "A healthy mind in a healthy body." At the same time, "a healthy mind" usually refers to a person's ability to fully engage in labor and creative activity. However, while correctly reflecting the unity of body and spirit (psychology), the proverb does not quite accurately reflect the priority of body health.
There are many examples when it is a healthy mind and a strong psyche that subdue a weak body, thereby ensuring its health. There are many examples of how willpower and perseverance help a person to maintain the ability to perform productive activities in the face of serious physical illnesses. This has allowed us to assert: “A healthy body is the product of a healthy mind.” All these facts indicate the need to carefully consider the role of the psyche in ensuring human health, happiness, and longevity.
The nervous system as the material basis of an athlete’s psyche
The material basis of an athlete’s psyche is the nervous system, which includes several interconnected systems. The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) play a decisive role in the body’s adaptation to a changing environment.
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are connected to all parts and organs of the body, and the fibers of the peripheral nervous system, which enter the CNS in the form of sensations of irritation that arise as a result of the influence of the environment on the sense organs. The body’s reaction-response is carried out by fibers that transmit orders to the organs of movement. Thus, the CNS regulates the connection between the human body and the environment that surrounds it.
The human brain is the highest division of the CNS. The cerebral cortex (outer layer) consists of more than 14 billion highly differentiated nerve cells that ensure the process of thinking. The symmetrical hemispheres of the cerebral cortex in humans perform various functions. The right hemisphere works with sensory images of objects, and the left - with signs (speech and others).
In the depths of the brain are more ancient in terms of formation time departments that ensure the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Here is also located a special formation - the limbic system with the reticular formation, which ensures the manifestation of emotions (feelings).
Removal or irritation of individual areas of the limbic system leads to the manifestation of emotions of anger, fear, pleasure, etc. The limbic system is connected with the centers of autonomic regulation and has a two-way connection with the cerebral cortex.
In addition to irritations from the peripheral nervous system, the CNS receives a large number of irritations from the internal organs of the body. This is carried out by the autonomic nervous system, which is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic departments. Through the autonomic system, the processes of cellular metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, functions of the digestive system and the genitourinary system are regulated. The vital activity of tissues and organs mainly depends on it.
The nervous system acts as a regulator that ensures an interconnected reaction of the morphological and physiological systems of the body in response to external influences and changes in the functioning of individual organs. It thus ensures the joint activity of all body systems and interaction with the environment.
It should be noted that the activity of systems and individual organs is antagonistic in nature.
Each function consists of two opposite reactions, which are united in ensuring the vital activity of the organism:
in the processes of metabolism - this is assimilation and dissimilation;
in mental activity - excitation and inhibition;
in blood circulation - hypertension and hypotension, etc.
One of these reactions at the right moment is strengthened or weakened in accordance with the need for the system to respond to certain environmental influences. As a result, the organism achieves equilibrium with the environment, carrying out its activities. This equilibrium is dynamic: it changes with changes in the environment.
The highest manifestation of the organizing role of the CNS is expressed in the activity of the brain, which determines the ability of a person not only to adapt to the conditions of the external environment, but also to compensate for its adverse effects with his active labor activity.
As a result of social development, a higher level of the psyche - consciousness - was formed in a person. The fundamental difference between human consciousness and the animal psyche is that a person is able to perceive language as a conditioned stimulus. The use of language led to the emergence of abstract logical thinking, knowledge of the world and self-knowledge, as well as to the implementation of "social imitation", that is, the transfer of the experience of humanity to an individual in the process of its formation.
The presence of consciousness has not abolished the biological forms of human nervous activity. Along with conscious actions, a person also performs reflex, instinctive behavior, which is not always controlled by consciousness or requires volitional efforts to overcome it. Of particular interest in this regard are emotions, since they are of great importance for maintaining mental health.
Emotions serve as a biological system for adapting the human body to the conditions of the social environment. Emotions are manifested in our attitude to certain processes or phenomena that we perceive. At the same time, emotions can be positive - pleasant, or negative - unpleasant. There are higher emotions, such as aesthetic, ethical, creative, or lower, related to the body's needs for water, food, procreation, etc.
Positive and negative emotions accompany us in all spheres of life. In everyday life, during training and education, in production, our activities are accompanied by emotions that reflect the attitude towards this activity. The strength of the manifestation of emotions, their direction and impact on the human psyche are individual. The same phenomena cause different emotions in people. What brings joy to one person may be unpleasant to another. But the general thing is that negative emotions depress the psyche, suppress creative activity, and reduce efficiency.
As is known, emotions are formed by the subcortical parts of the brain with the participation of the autonomic nervous system, so consciousness cannot always overcome the depressing effect of negative emotions, because they are associated with physiological processes in the body that are not controlled by the cerebral cortex. As a result of prolonged exposure to negative emotions, a disease of the nervous system is possible - neurosis and various physical diseases.
The nervous system, like other systems of the body, has protective mechanisms that prevent its overload. This is primarily a reaction of inhibition of the nerve centers of the brain, which in normal conditions of the body's life includes the active activity of the cerebral cortex, which perceives external sensations. Sleep comes, the brain rests. The brain's protective mechanisms also include the process of fatigue and shock.
"Horting Encyclopedia"
Eduard Yeromenko
© 2014