Personal interests of people in the field of physical education
Some adults are required to engage in physical education according to state programs at specially designated times. These are military personnel, employees of paramilitary organizations, students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions engaged in industrial gymnastics, and some others. The majority of the adult population engages in gymnastics, sports, games, and tourism voluntarily.
They choose the forms and methods of exercise of their own free will. In this case, the choice largely depends on the purpose for which a person decided to engage in physical education, what he expects from it. These goals can be different. The following are most often found: Improving health. This goal is usually set by middle-aged and older people who are concerned about the poor state of their health and believe in the benefits of physical exercise. They do not seek to develop strength or agility, do not seek sportsmanship. They are only interested in increasing the overall performance of the body, hardening, strengthening the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Such people are primarily recommended to adhere to a rational work and rest regime, personal hygiene rules, to temper the body, to spend more time outdoors, to do exercises, to engage in a health group and, if their health permits, to pass the TRP standards. People who are practically healthy can go jogging, at first every other day and not quickly.
General physical training. It is engaged in by people interested in increasing the level of development of their motor qualities: strength, endurance, agility, speed, flexibility. As a rule, those engaged in general physical training do not set goals to achieve high sports results. They engage in special groups or sections, pass the TRP standards. Classes can also be independent. They include a wide range of general developing gymnastic exercises, all kinds of outdoor games, sports exercises of simple technique, walks on skis, boats, jogging, hiking and tireless, if possible varied physical labor. It is also necessary to observe a rational regimen, fulfill hygiene requirements, and conduct hardening.
The social significance of such activities is very great. People maintain their health, strengthen their strength and thereby become more capable of work, increase labor productivity, reduce the loss of working time due to illness, and prepare for military duty.
Improving sportsmanship. This goal is set by many boys and girls, and sometimes older people. It also fully corresponds to the interests of the state, since sport is currently an important means of both physical and general education of Soviet people, a means of strengthening friendly ties between peoples both within the country and on an international scale.
The main means of improving sports skills are training sessions in various sections of voluntary sports societies, educational institutions, special sports schools, as well as in mountaineering and tourist camps, at training camps, in special educational institutions. Independent classes are also possible, but only when the student knows the training methods in the chosen sport well.
Sports training in sections is not always mandatory to improve sports skills. Much can be achieved in training sessions in schools, technical schools, universities, military units and other institutions. However, it is very difficult to achieve the maximum possible results without special sports training. Ordinary training sessions can be considered only the first stage on the way to high sports skills.
The range of means for achieving high sports results is very large. First of all, good general and special physical, sports-technical and tactical training in the chosen sport must be ensured. The latter, as is known, consists not only of tactical skills, but also requires special tactical thinking, the ability to quickly, and sometimes instantly, make decisions in the process of sports wrestling. This can be achieved only with repeated participation in sports competitions or training close to them in nature. The athlete also needs strong-willed, psychological preparation for future competitions and even special theoretical training. Individuals who have chosen to improve their sports skills as their goal must be ready for stubborn, difficult work, adherence to a strict daily regimen, daily medical supervision.
Special physical training for professional and military activities. This training is aimed at increasing the general working capacity of a person in relation to a particular profession, the formation of special skills and abilities that contribute to better ensuring professional activity.
Special physical training is necessary for representatives of all professions, but for representatives of different professions it can be different. Similar to the general and special physical training of an athlete, preparation for professional activity should be general and special. A person’s working capacity, fatigue resistance and ultimately his labor productivity depend on general physical training. Special physical training includes appropriate skills and abilities, such as the ability to ski, swim, ride a horse or a bicycle, climb to a great height, and maintain balance. To master certain skills, classes in special groups or in groups and sections of general physical training, industrial gymnastics, individual classes according to a special plan are necessary.
In some special educational institutions, physical education classes are structured so that, along with general physical development, they also provide professional training for students.
As for military physical training, its goals are set not only for servicemen or persons preparing for military service, but also for all Soviet youth. That is why elements of military physical training are included in the content of educational classes in all educational institutions, starting from school. Everyone is required to pass the standards of the GTO complex, which also include exercises of a military-applied nature.
In military units, special military physical training is rightfully considered one of the components of the combat training of soldiers. Mastering complex military equipment requires excellent physical training of soldiers, sailors, and officers.
Organization of healthy and cultural recreation. In physical education classes, many people see, first of all, an opportunity to spend their leisure time in an interesting way. Lovers of hunting, fishing, walking, amateur tourists, or participants in the simplest competitions benefit greatly from the fact that their outdoor recreation is accompanied by active physical activity.
Even those present at sports competitions as spectators get great pleasure and considerable benefit from being in the fresh air, distracted for a while from their constant worries.
Physical education for therapeutic purposes. A certain set of physical exercises helps to get rid of some diseases. They can be done both individually and in a group. Classes should be conducted under the supervision of a specialist. The division of those involved into groups depends on the nature of the disease. Therefore, the means and methods used in different groups are different. If we are talking about eliminating individual physical defects, for example, various curvatures of the spine (scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis), weakening the activity of certain muscle groups, the activity of the cardiovascular system, excessive excitability of the nervous system, etc., then the range of means and methods may be larger, the dosage of exercises is not very accurate (there will be no harm from the fact that any exercise is performed a little more or less number of times). In this case, independent classes are quite acceptable. If we are talking about the treatment of certain diseases, for example, heart disease, the elimination of the consequences of fractures, etc., independent classes are either completely excluded or precisely regulated by a specialist. It is necessary to treat physical exercises here as strictly as to medicines or any medical procedures. With some reservations, those aimed at improving body shape can also be included in physical education classes for therapeutic purposes. Most often, such classes are based on the desire to lose excess weight, but this applies mainly to middle-aged and older people. Young people often have a desire to make their figure more beautiful. To achieve such results, you can use all kinds of means. So, to reduce weight, exercises that require intensive metabolism are necessary, such as long-term running or outdoor games, as well as special gymnastic exercises. All this should be associated with adherence to diet and hygiene rules. In recent years, the so-called athletic gymnastics has become widespread among young people in our country. It is also aimed at improving the physique. Athletic gymnastics, like other means, should be an integral element of the Soviet system of physical education. It should be subordinated to the general task of comprehensive education, strengthening the health of people and preparing them for work and defense of the Motherland. An integral part of athletic gymnastics and other means of improving the physique should be preparation for passing various kinds of tests.
"Encyclopedia of Horting"
Eduard Yeromenko
© 2014