The martial roots and modern purpose of horting
Combat horting in the general sense is the science of defense, not attack, which serves good deeds and benefits people. It not only teaches self-defense, but also gives rich life experience that forms a strong and courageous character, stability and endurance, perseverance, purposefulness and intellectual abilities that are necessary in everyday life, work and social activities.
Combat horting is not only a type of martial arts, it is a system of education that promotes the development of physical, mental, moral and volitional qualities of a person, patriotism and citizenship. It promotes the development of self-discipline, forms internal moral support and a strong personal position in achieving life goals. Combat horting forms the social support of Ukrainian society, people who are able to stand up for themselves, for their family, for the Motherland, and instills in people a true sense of justice.
The legislation of Ukraine defines one of the main tasks as the upbringing of every citizen of Ukraine as a patriot of his state. An effective means of educating a patriot of Ukraine and its defender is combat horting - a professional and applied type of training and sports for employees of the state's security structures, institutions and departments, military and law enforcement agencies. Combat horting is a system of comprehensive physical education created for the professional training of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, employees of physical protection, various units of the special services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Security Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Emergencies and other security agencies of the state.
Combat horting, in addition to its first task of teaching various methods of self-defense, is individually oriented and comprehensively develops the areas of physical culture of the individual. It also includes a medical training course, psychological, tactical and special training, consists of several training and retraining programs in combat horting and force neutralization of the enemy in extreme conditions of war, as well as interaction with the offender in peacetime.
The features of the combat horting system are conciseness of movement, rationality of action, a huge selection of self-defense techniques and professional hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in various conditions, high power of specialized striking and grabbing actions and effectiveness of combat self-defense techniques. In the process of studying the techniques, people with different initial physical levels can act equally effectively in combat conditions or in conditions of sports combat, because they acquire professional and applied skills of physical power self-defense, which will always be useful in case of personal or collective public danger. Nowadays, for most people, ordinary sports activities have long been absolutely not a recipe for maintaining well-being and a function for achieving established heights, but they are an option for self-training, strengthening health, psychological hardening, rest and even, to some extent, entertainment. A fairly simple regulation of sports competitions has united sports fans from different countries, despite differences in language, age, social status. Another thing is combat horting, which includes a system for developing professional and applied skills necessary for service in various security and law enforcement agencies.
In any case, combat horting plays an important role in life for all its supporters, since the following qualities are inherent in people who are engaged in combat horting: endurance, coordination, speed, agility, reaction, determination, strength and perseverance. Also, from combat horting you can have quite specific positive emotions, learning self-defense techniques and monitoring your self-improvement.
The technical basis of combat horting is actually one of the best domestic developments of the system of training military personnel and law enforcement officers, which consists of studied, researched, time-tested and practice-tested techniques of the strongest systems and programs of the military direction, specialists in the field of legal and physical protection. This data was collected and processed by the founder of combat horting for decades in many countries of the world with subsequent adaptation to the most diverse needs, tasks and goals of special units of state security services.
Unlike most modern styles and directions of self-defense, combat horting is formed on the scientific basis of researching a possible enemy, while using only reliable data obtained from primary sources, from special forces during hostilities during local wars, etc.
Combat horting has a great versatile potential, capable of real competition with any recognized martial arts school in the world, which has been repeatedly confirmed by both sports practice at competitions and real facts from military combat life. For a long time, combat horting has attracted a lot of people from all special forces of the power structures of our state with its reliability and absolute effectiveness.
From the very beginning of its foundation, combat horting as an applied sport has been at the peak of popularity, since absolutely everyone understands that these are important life skills, health, endurance, beauty, activity, good hardening for the body. The vast majority of sociological questionnaires of young people engaged in combat horting indicate that this professional and applied sport contributes to the formation of the main idea about the world around us, life, and society that needs protection.
Directly in combat horting, the most important values for a progressive society, such as high strength indicators and a high level of mastery of self-defense techniques, equal chances for success, the desire to be first, to overcome not only the opponent, but also one's negative traits: cowardice, insecurity, fear, apathy, passivity, lack of initiative, are shown especially practically and effectively.
Each person has a different interest in combat horting, and for sports benefactors who work to support athletes, doctors, directors of sports societies, heads of special forces units, military commanders, special forces and special forces, combat horting trainers, it is, first of all, a specific job, a way of life, a way of life.
Representatives of all styles and types of martial arts face the problems of self-defense. Each of them has developed and continues to develop its own solutions to these problems. However, very often schools and styles criticize, often undeservedly, representatives of other schools and styles. This is due to the lack of uniform norms, rules and assessments of the technique and tactics of the arsenal of self-defense techniques.
Some schools and styles even declare the impossibility of their comparison, believing that the only measure of effectiveness can only be a real street fight. This attitude is incorrect, and therefore can lead to stagnation in the development of self-defense, as well as personal problems with the law. Self-defense skills of combat horting, which are actually invisible weapons, should serve people for good deeds, and this is exactly what the founder of the style bequeathed to his students and followers, and it is this approach to implementing athlete training programs that the professional and applied sport of military personnel and law enforcement officers of Ukraine professes.
For a successful combat engagement, an idea of the real combat capabilities of a potential enemy is necessary, as well as the systematic development of a wide arsenal of hand-to-hand combat techniques and effective training methods. It is no secret that in recent years the level of training of many combat horting schools in Ukraine has significantly increased both in technical and tactical characteristics.
At the same time, the arsenal of combat horting techniques for real combat operations has grown several times. In addition, in recent years, new synthesized directions and schools of combat horting have begun to be created and developed in different regions of Ukraine, which adopted techniques from different, often antagonistic schools, and by combining them received new, non-standard solutions. Therefore, for successful training and development of self-defense skills, a constant exchange of experience is necessary, which is possible only in a competitive format or during seminars with the participation of famous masters of combat horting.
The conditions in which a person finds himself in a real military battle or street fight do not correspond to the conditions for a sports fight. In a sports fight, the opponents have approximately equal weight indicators, approximately equal level of training, lack of weapons, a number of partial restrictions for the free implementation of technical techniques.
A competitive sports fight between opponents begins and ends on command, is subject to careful supervision by the refereeing team, and also has strict regulations. This leads to a shift in the emphasis in the training of athletes to a narrower range of technical actions most possible in a sports fight to win over an opponent.
Such an approach, justified in the conditions of sports competitions, very often leads to the ineffectiveness of defensive actions in a real military battle or a possible real street confrontation with an attacker. The conditions of a real fight with an enemy require the one who is defending to have a wider, perhaps sometimes less technically complex and well-developed, arsenal of combat techniques.
Due to a certain risk of injury, holding combat horting competitions in the self-defense section with a demonstration in full contact of an expanded arsenal of combat actions is, in practice, possible only in the mode of demonstrating options for protection from previously known and predetermined attacks.
The rules of combat horting sports fights to reduce injuries regulate and introduce a number of restrictions on the conduct of combat techniques, which leads to the exclusion from the arsenal of the most effective technical actions from the point of view of self-defense: blows to the groin, throat, eyes, other painful areas, elbow strikes to the head, painful techniques on the fingers, neck, spine, etc.
The presence of protective equipment also leads to a decrease in the trauma of a number of effective techniques of the combat horting system. Quite often, trying to get the maximum score, combat horting athletes perform very technically complex and effective techniques, allowing them to be used at the same time as counterattack techniques and actions that are less effective and are rated lower according to the competition rules, but are very dangerous from the point of view of self-defense.
Often in sports fights, victory is awarded to the athlete who showed the best result according to the ratings of individual techniques, but did not receive a real advantage. Instead, the rules of combat horting allow us to assess the actual implementation of techniques and declare victory to the athlete who really won.
All of the above aspects also lead to a change in approaches to the training of athletes, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of their actions in a real fight with an opponent. A way out of the current situation can be found, and this will partially help solve the task of conducting combat horting competitions in the "Self-defense" section to demonstrate applied self-defense techniques with an emphasis on assessing the effectiveness of these techniques in terms of safety and effectiveness.
Although the beginning and end of a sports fight occurs on a signal, and the time of the fight is limited, this provides an opportunity to conduct reconnaissance and develop winning tactics. In this case and under such rules, a combat horting athlete who lost at the beginning of a hand-to-hand fight can take revenge at the end, seizing the initiative during the fight.
Naturally, such an approach cannot be justified from the point of view of a professional, a master of combat horting, conducting a real combat confrontation, where the first attack may turn out to be the last in this fight. The probability of having several opponents in a real fight also requires the defender to be concise and effective in conducting counterattacks and further attacking the attacker.
This problem can be solved by special preparation for competitions with passing the test through attacks by several opponents in a row, that is, a relay race with one athlete passing several sections, according to the sequence of attacks of different assistants established by drawing lots in the minimum time. This is one of the main training methods in combat horting for developing automatism and spontaneity of defensive actions.
The system of self-defense techniques of combat horting considers the possibility of using in a real hand-to-hand fight various types of cold weapons, improvised means, the threat of using firearms both by the attacker and the use of selected weapons by the defender. Combat horting techniques for disarming and using weapons and improvised means are extremely well thought out, effective against the attacker, and quite safe for the defender, with the correct technical execution of these techniques.
In the conditions of a real fight, a collision with an opponent who exceeds the defender in body weight, speed of movement, as well as an attacker who possesses striking or wrestling techniques is possible. Naturally, the arsenal against each opponent must be chosen according to the situation: wrestlers - to beat, strikers - to grapple, with heavy and slower opponents it is necessary to engage in a fight at a long distance, with light ones - it is necessary to enter into close combat, etc.
However, it should be remembered that in some cases it is impossible to conduct reconnaissance and accurately classify the enemy, to carry out the most tactically advantageous techniques due to the peculiarities of the place of the battle: a limited room, a slippery surface, natural obstacles, a certain type of weapon in the hands of the enemy, etc.
It is worth considering separately the possibility of conducting a battle with several opponents. The combat horting system for the use of collective self-defense techniques considers not only the technical arsenal, but also the tactics of conducting a group battle against a numerically superior enemy: withdrawal from the attack zone, special formation in a line, use of natural obstacles, use of auxiliary means of defense, use of features of the premises, territorial characteristics, terrain features, visibility conditions, etc.
To solve this range of self-defense problems, the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine proposes to hold sports competitions in combat horting and self-defense all-around, as well as sections of competitions that contribute to the preparation of military personnel for service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, law enforcement officers - for service in state law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
This technology is not a final option and for the further development of combat horting, proposals from representatives of law enforcement agencies and departments of Ukraine that cooperate with the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine, representatives of other styles and schools of martial arts, organizations and clubs of a military-applied direction are accepted for consideration.
Since the art of using combat horting techniques has never been limited by prohibitions: performing suffocating and painful techniques, attacks on the nerves, using improvised means, etc., this demonstrates how dynamically our Ukrainian martial art is developing professionally, remaining true to its basic principles, since combat horting developed simultaneously with the sports direction, and having applied techniques, it became the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine, an educational system of the personality, a means of preparing young people for service in the state's security forces.
Combat horting is certainly the most voluminous system of self-defense in Ukraine. Since it includes various tactical styles of combat, its study resembles the study of several directions in the strategy and tactics of martial arts at once. These are the beginnings of Ukrainian combat traditions - earth, fire, water, wind; technical arsenal - strikes, grabs, throws, painful techniques, suffocating techniques, armed combat; pedagogical conditions – knowledge, consistency, determination, correct response, respect, skill, perfection, efficiency and professionalism.
Each direction of combat horting in its own way decides the question of what to emphasize more, depending on the personal preferences of the warrior, state of mind, physical form, previous preparedness, material part, combat readiness, etc. It is undeniable that the combination of power and combat horting technique is destructive.
The training methodology largely uses only the necessary power. The necessary one, when it is not used in excess and does not begin to contradict the main principle - flexibility of response and control so that preparatory classes do not grow into competitive ones in terms of pace and volume of load.
The combination of elements of combat horting, reflexes of the sensory organs, technical skill, power, strength, hardness on the one hand, with intelligence, experience, mobility, flexibility, softness - on the other hand, gave rise to an extremely effective professional and applied martial art of the Armed Forces of Ukraine - the modern style of combat horting.
All the techniques given in the methodological developments of this style are an example of the use of the basic principles of combat horting, and are, without exception, practical and effective self-defense techniques. Of course, it is always necessary to take into account individual advantages and capabilities that could be used, developed and improved by trainers and athletes.
Combat horting, as a means of self-defense, will teach you to take care of yourself in dangerous situations, whether armed or unarmed attacks. This is a valuable study, as it educates a warrior to avoid the influence of the enemy's force and, in response, to attack him at a point where he can apply only a small part of his full strength.
The combat horting system teaches you to unbalance your opponent. Conversely, a person learns to maintain his own balance and apply 100% of his strength in order to accumulate all the efforts that can be made against the attacker. A person who is trained and trained in combat horting according to the methods of effective self-defense will instinctively act on this principle in everything he does, whether he is engaged in physical competition or mental cognition.
Therefore, the course of combat horting will definitely leave its permanent mark on the mentality of the warrior, making him more cautious, but braver. This system teaches the fighter to maintain his balance in the arena, where the competition is physical, or in the public forum, where mind is opposed to mind, intellect to intellect.
The warrior has another and more immediate result in the resources of self-defense that will be at his immediate disposal when the warrior defends himself from an attack, or when he goes to the aid of someone else. After all, according to the tradition of combat horting, the warrior cultivates a sense of justice and learns to always go to the aid of another.
A strong person with the help of combat horting will be able to use his strength in a more working order, and a weak person will be able to reduce the superior strength of his opponent, if possible and circumstances allow. A woman armed with the science of combat horting will no longer be at the mercy of a bully. In addition, she will retain her presence of mind and maintain the coolness of analysis in an extraordinary extreme situation.
At the same time, combat horting is a type of national professional and applied sport of Ukraine, based on the cultural, health and combat traditions of the Ukrainian people. It is a long-term specially organized process of training, comprehensive development, moral and ethical education and health improvement of children and youth. Also, the combat horting system contains effective forms and methods of military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of schoolchildren.
The purpose of the educational and training programs of the combat horting system regarding military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training is: comprehensive education of a citizen-patriot based on the military, cultural and health traditions of the Ukrainian people, the formation of moral and ethical qualities, health promotion and comprehensive physical training of young people using combat horting methods for the defense of Ukraine.
The main objectives of the combat horting program: mastering the basics of military and law enforcement knowledge, basic combat horting techniques in the amount necessary and sufficient for participation in sports, military-applied and physical education and health activities; development of physical abilities, strong-willed and moral and ethical qualities; formation of healthy lifestyle skills; formation of a critical attitude towards personal sportsmanship; involvement in physical education and world and domestic sports; promotion of the professional determination of young people regarding service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other law enforcement agencies.
The general principles of organizing the educational process in combat horting are: scientificity, synthesis of intellectual and practical activity, individual approach, consistency and gradual presentation of the material. The training material of the combat horting program is adapted to classes with students of different levels of preparedness, contains theoretical information, elements of the basic combat horting technique, which are presented in the form of physical training programs, special strength physical exercises and imitation formal complexes, elements of combat horting self-defense.
The following methods are used in the combat horting training process: visual (demonstration of exercises, demonstration of exercises on a diagram, model, screen, etc.); verbal (narration, explanation, instruction, remark, persuasion, conversation, etc.); practical (exercise method and its variants: initial study of technical actions as a whole or in parts), multiple repetition method (variable, interval, game, competitive, etc.).
The combat horting training program is designed for people of all age groups, starting from preschool age and ending with old age. It takes into account the best experience of famous combat horting trainers, practical recommendations of military, tactical and sports medicine; results of scientific research on the theory and methods of physical education, military affairs, pedagogy, physiology, hygiene, psychology, philosophy, history of Ukraine and training of young people for service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and law enforcement agencies.
The program for training athletes in combat horting defines the goals and objectives of work in training groups and contains: an explanatory note with a general description of the principles and methods of work in combat horting, the terms of program implementation, weekly workload, means of organizing the educational process; sections with defined content, forms, means and methods, educational and thematic plans for sections of training at different levels of training and military-patriotic education by means of combat horting; content with a list of topics; methodological recommendations for organizing the training process in combat horting; the predicted result of the program implementation and ways of its diagnosis; experimental data on studying the effectiveness of the developed methods for the development and popularization, improvement of the training process in combat horting; a list of equipment and individual equipment necessary to ensure effective educational, physical culture, health and training process in order to introduce combat horting into the system of training military personnel to perform relevant special tasks of a force nature to protect the interests of citizens and the state.
The purpose of combat horting is to develop in the personality of a soldier high social activity, civic responsibility, spirituality, the formation of a personality possessing positive values and qualities capable of manifesting them in the creative process in the interests of Ukraine.
The athlete training program reveals a modern understanding of combat horting as one of the priority areas of activity of state institutions in the context of the consolidation of Ukrainian society, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other military formations and bodies, and the development of the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine.
The content of the sportsman training program is revealed by presenting a set of basic ideas, provisions that determine the direction, nature and other components of the upbringing of patriotism, readiness for worthy service to the Motherland in modern conditions. At the same time, the experience and achievements of the past, the realities and problems of today, and the development trends of the most important spheres of life of Ukrainian society are taken into account.
The combat horting training program also represents a systematic and consistent presentation of the theoretical foundations of the military-patriotic upbringing of children, youth and adults, substantiation of its initial principles, goals, content, tasks, principles, directions, methods, as well as conditions for ensuring the effectiveness of activities in the process of interaction of its subjects - relevant state bodies, including educational bodies, combat horting federations, public associations and organizations, state authorities and local governments.
The essence of this activity is determined, on the one hand, by the interests and requirements of the military and law enforcement service to the individual, on the other hand, by the interests of society and the individual himself, his attitude to the problems solved by state institutions in order to strengthen the defense capability and security of Ukraine. Combat horting includes the best practices of the national martial arts of Ukrainians, a system of transferring knowledge from older to younger generations, and has effective means of physical training and moral and ethical education.
Such a system, aimed at finding everything advanced and expedient, formed the basis of the philosophy of combat horting - the philosophy of constant development, renewal, openness to all the best. Along with the techniques of combat horting, the training system also absorbed the moral principles of the Ukrainian people, who transferred part of their culture to combat horting. These values gave combat horting the strength to go through the severe tests of time, to endure and to be tempered in them.
Today, children, engaged in combat horting, not only learn to defend themselves, but also gain experience in decent behavior based on the universal values of collectivism, patriotism and citizenship, because they are well-mannered, respect their parents, teachers, mentors, lead a healthy lifestyle, develop intellectually, follow the rules of personal hygiene, and take the best life examples as a basis.
The combat roots of combat horting. The history of combat horting is closely connected with the history of Ukraine, the history of victories. It is a living symbol of the continuity of generations. The traditions of combat horting are rooted in the culture of the peoples of Ukraine, in folk types of fighting, defense skills and combat customs of the Ukrainian nation.
Today in Ukraine, combat horting is one of the most popular sports. Due to its accessibility, as it does not require expensive sports facilities and equipment, and its role in the social life of society, combat horting is developing in all regions of Ukraine, in many cities and villages.
Many military personnel and employees of the state's security forces are engaged in combat horting, including many young athletes in departments of children's and youth sports schools, sports sections and circles of educational institutions, state and private clubs throughout Ukraine.
First of all, the main places of initial training and training classes of young amateur athletes in combat horting are clubs at the place of residence, sports halls of educational institutions, institutions of additional education, sports clubs and sections, sports halls of voluntary sports societies, etc. An extensive network of organizations and institutions that implement activities to involve children and adolescents in regular classes serves as the basis for increasing the popularity and mass adoption of combat horting.
Combat horting is a universal system of training in defense, counterattack, and attack techniques, which combines multifunctional elements from the natural arsenal of Ukrainian military combat training systems and martial arts, tested in real combat activities.
This is a modern type of martial arts, which is rapidly developing and has gained popularity due to full-contact fights with minor minimal injuries or no injuries to athletes at all. Also, this universal system of training techniques has been worked out on the multinational Ukrainian soil of martial customs.
Various methods of attack with weapons and without weapons have been known since the beginning of mankind. From the moment our distant ancestors picked up a stone, a club and a spear, and various methods of conducting hand-to-hand combat began to emerge. With the emergence of the first armed organizations, regardless of their names, hand-to-hand combat received a clear direction towards the destruction or capture of the enemy. Already at that time, the techniques of attack and defense with weapons and without them numbered hundreds and even thousands of different combinations, which began to form into various martial arts and separate techniques.
With the development of cold weapons, the technique of its use is significantly enriched depending on the properties of a particular type of weapon and the degree of protection of opponents, the quality of protective equipment. With the advent of hand-held firearms, hand-to-hand combat did not lose its importance, but rather took on a higher quality form. The bayonet replaced the spear, and until World War II, hand-to-hand combat played an important role on the battlefield.
Local wars of the recent period have shown that in modern combat, the one who has greater maneuverability and superiority in firepower wins. Currently, it is unlikely that anyone, having a rapid-fire automatic weapon in their hands, will allow the enemy to come close enough to engage in hand-to-hand combat. Hand-to-hand combat techniques are increasingly becoming the prerogative of intelligence and special forces units, and individual units of law enforcement agencies.
Thus, despite the above reasons, if necessary, modern combat horting should be one of the main disciplines of physical training of the Armed Forces of Ukraine as a military-applied sport that prepares a soldier for effective combat. A serviceman who is engaged in combat horting is more physically and psychologically prepared for various extreme situations.
In addition to physical and psychological training, he is aimed at conducting a brutal hand-to-hand combat against an attacker without any rules, conventions and restrictions, which is important in such a criminal environment, and gives him advantages over those who are engaged in various ordinary sports martial arts, in the programs of which there is no study of self-defense means of professional-applied and combat orientation.
A special place in combat horting is also given to visual agitation. Thus, information posters emphasize that servicemen of special forces units have the right to use hand-to-hand combat techniques only when conducting special operations. Under other circumstances, the use of techniques is unlawful and entails disciplinary and criminal liability.
Currently, it has become possible, on a general basis, along with other types of martial arts and styles of martial arts, to use combat horting techniques for self-defense and even for training persons who are not in military or other public service.
Thus, the combat horting system develops the real objective capabilities of a person, his thinking, emotional sphere, ability to sense danger and anticipate the actions of an attacker, that is, everything that may be necessary to protect personal life. The combat horting system also affects the spiritual sphere of a person, reveals his intellectual capabilities and, through the mastery of knowledge and means of self-improvement, makes life more dangerous, spiritually rich and physically meaningful.
The combat horting system makes it possible to develop in a person the ability to concentrate, attentiveness, logic, imaginative thinking, qualities that will allow him to distinguish reliable information from unreliable and independently draw conclusions about what and how is happening in the modern information space. Moreover, a person draws these conclusions independently, and, in accordance with these conclusions, moves forward along the chosen path.
At the same time, the quality of the personality and the quality of life of a combat horting student changes dramatically towards all sorts of positive changes. The educational system of combat horting teaches not to fight, but to live, without wasting energy on competing with the world around him, to manage external forces, and not to resist them. One should direct one's efforts only towards development and progress.
Combat horting is an excellent means of mental training. The very fact that in a real hand-to-hand combat a fighter is threatened with real death contributes to the hardening of warriors "from the inside", forms a fighting spirit.
Since a feeling of fear arises in such conditions, it is possible to completely paralyze all the actions of a warrior, the situation of combat combat, in which a fatal outcome is not excluded, is considered to be especially favorable for training composure and detachment, waiting for the moment to carry out the corresponding maximum effective actions in a hand-to-hand combat.
The combat horting system is an excellent means of overcoming stress and nervous tension, strengthening health, which contributes to the prevention of diseases, makes non-drug treatment more effective, helps to regulate heartbeat, reduce breathing rate, calm the central nervous system and maintain a clear head and fresh mind in everyday life.
Thus, with the help of self-regulation methods of the combat horting system, a person changes his character, learns to be healthy, happy and strives to achieve the desired result in business, sports, everyday life and personal life.
Since ancient times, in the ancient Ukrainian lands, mass hand-to-hand combats have been a preparatory entertainment and sports and physical fun for any age, "from small to large". Hand-to-hand combats educated men in endurance, reaction, ability to withstand blows, agility. Participation in mass fights was considered a matter of honor for every boy and man.
The formation of the strength of the body and spirit of a person depended largely on the Ukrainian people's healthy mentality. Thus, we can draw a certain conclusion that in Ukraine, physical strength and fighting spirit were brought up from childhood and this cultural heritage was instilled from generation to generation. From an early age, boys learned the art of fighting from their elders, and also exchanged experience with their comrades.
Currently, our country is experiencing a rapid revival of cultural traditions of all nations and nationalities, the times of democracy and freedom have come. Cultural centers are being formed in different regions of the country to recreate the customs and spiritual values of previous generations. Public and scientific interest in the history of martial arts has revived.
The cultural memory of the people, nation, country is the first and necessary condition for the self-movement of society. Changes in Ukrainian society in recent years, the growing state support for the development of martial arts in Ukraine prove a significant convergence of the humanitarian significance of martial arts themselves and the trends of the state's social development.
It is obvious that modern Ukrainian youth is increasingly changing classes in schools of eastern and western martial arts with foreign vocabulary to classes in our Ukrainian martial arts - combat horting, which has roots in our native land. Similarly, cases of girls and boys transferring from schools of various types of wrestling to the combat horting system have become more frequent.
The long history and origins of the Ukrainian martial art, which has been modernized into a modern effective methodological base of combat horting, and its popularity confirm that this martial art is close in spirit, philosophy and ideology to the majority of Ukrainians.
It is combat horting, as a holistic system of physical and mental training of the individual, that has every chance of becoming a reliable basis for consolidating the Ukrainian sports community for hardening and educating youth. The combat traditions of Ukrainians in a historical context are an inseparable part of the general culture, physical culture and culture associated with martial arts.
Modern traditional combat culture in Ukraine is combat horting as a multifunctional, multifaceted socio-cultural phenomenon. The modern direction of Ukrainian traditional martial culture has not lost continuity with the competitive and applied tradition of the martial culture of the Ukrainian people.
Combat horting, as a traditional martial culture, being part of the entire culture of the Ukrainian people, has a specific goal and task - the relay into human life of a set of significant values, customs, traditions, norms and rules of behavior passed down from generation to generation, tempering the spirit, regulating behavior and complete self-realization.
In principle, there is nothing surprising here, since from the point of view of preparing a person for service in the state's security forces, physical development of the individual, combat horting has no equal in terms of the universality and specificity of the means of professional and applied training of military personnel and law enforcement officers.
As an effective developmental influence, combat horting places high demands on all five physical qualities of the athlete (strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and agility), developing them simultaneously and, at the same time, being a professional and applied sport, that is, one that has high practical significance for life and professional activity. This property of martial arts has obviously been noticed for a long time, appreciated and adopted.
The purpose of training and entering a combat horting athlete into a competitive hand-to-hand fight is to gain an advantage over the opponent. This is achieved by either obtaining a positional advantage (i.e. in body position), or by performing such a technique (as a rule, previously studied and practiced), in which the opponent cannot continue the fight, being unable to defend and attack. Although in many modern sports, given their humanism, where the rules limit the degree of performance of a particular technical technique, their original purpose is not in doubt.
For example, a blow to the head is designed to deprive the opponent of consciousness and, if there is no judge nearby, then, having sent his opponent to a knockout, the opponent can do whatever he wants with him. The opponent is completely unable to resist for some time. A painful technique, not stopped in time by the judge, will also lead to a fracture of a joint, bone or rupture of ligaments, which, naturally, will deprive the opponent of the opportunity to effectively continue the fight.
Strangulation will deprive the opponent of consciousness, giving him to the combat horting athlete in complete undivided dominance. It is obvious that initially the creation of systems of such techniques was designed to increase the chance of victory (to save one's life).
In conditions of cold and the absence of firearms, the incentive to develop and master ways to achieve victory in hand-to-hand combat is more than convincing. In combat horting, these techniques are practiced to automatism. But here we draw attention to the first interesting pattern. All old martial arts are very clearly divided into throwing and striking. Throwing martial arts have in their arsenal the presence of close contact with the opponent's body.
The basis of these types of fights is the capture of the opponent's body and limbs. The entire technique is based on the capture of the opponent's torso and limbs for the throw. It would even be fair to say that these types of fights begin with captures, that is, as soon as a close collision of two opponents has occurred. The most striking representative of such martial arts today is combat horting in the "Wrestling fight" section.
In another type of martial arts, on the contrary, the touch of the opponent's body should be as short as possible. Victory is achieved by striking with your strongest and most insensitive to pain parts of the body (fist, palm, elbow, foot, shin, knee) at the most painful or vital parts of the opponent's body (head, solar plexus, liver, kidneys, etc.). Here, as a rule, the tradition is different, because the fight stops when there is a clinch, that is, a tight grip.
Thus, a competitive duel in striking sports ends exactly where the confrontation of athletes in the main section of combat horting "Hand-to-hand combat" begins. The most striking representatives of striking sports today are boxing and kickboxing. All types of martial arts have their own fairly harmonious system of techniques, training methods, philosophy and traditions, but only within the framework of the specified concept.
It is quite surprising in itself that an effective universal system has come down to us from the depths of centuries - combat horting, which combines throwing and striking techniques.
The idea of developing such a system in Ukraine is so obvious that today more and more new combat horting clubs often appear in all parts of Ukraine, in different settlements. Why was it not so before? Why was there no demand for the revival and development of a universal system consisting of strikes, throws and groundwork at the same time? So there was no need. Although it is claimed that ancient Ukrainians often made attempts to create a universal martial art, similar in style, for example, to combat horting, and where it would be possible to simultaneously strike and fight standing on one's feet and lying on the ground.
However, firstly, all this has come down to us only in the form of rumors, and we have not observed a living system until recently. And secondly, it was rather an attempt to resolve the eternal dispute, which is stronger - "boxing or wrestling", which were already separately included in the program of the Olympic Games before that. Something like today's fights without rules, where athletes, representatives of different martial arts schools participate for money, and the actual school of fights without rules does not arise.
As a result of the analysis of about 300 types of martial arts known in the world today, we can conclude that a good half of them were created by specific people in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, as a selection from some principles of the best techniques that existed at the time of the life of the founder of a particular martial art in a specific country within the framework of already known systems.
The fact is that creating a holistic and effective type of martial arts, which is called "from scratch", is practically unrealistic within the life of one person. You can come up with a new technique, well, a few techniques, no more. It will take many years, or even decades, before these techniques become perfected and prove themselves as reliable weapons.
A human life may not be enough to develop several or even dozens of techniques necessary to establish the emergence of a new system. Therefore, the founders of all new schools and directions of martial arts simply studied what had been accumulated in different countries of the world at the current moment in different styles, selected the most rational from their point of view, came up with new rules or modified the old ones and proclaimed the creation of a new martial art.
Such a stormy interest and such a surge in the emergence of new directions of martial arts at the end of the 19th century is not accidental. On the one hand, the role of hand-to-hand combat in combat operations was still great. On the other hand, it has already become possible to exchange information from different parts of the country or even the world.
People began to travel quite quickly, while keeping records, taking photographs, and then issuing methodological recommendations on the use of combat techniques. Before the end of the 19th century, this opportunity was available only to very wealthy people, and the risk of such an enterprise was too great.
In connection with the above, it would be interesting to delve into the historical past and try to see the roots from which the modern Ukrainian system of the art of conducting a real military battle grew - combat horting. Obviously, these were very original and diverse types of martial arts, as different as the nationalities of Ukrainians and the eras that created them.
The technique of achieving victory was honed over the centuries, underwent, so to speak, natural selection, carefully preserved by the combat cultures of the nationalities that lived on the lands of Ukraine, scattered over the vast expanses of Europe, Asia and Africa, was passed down from generation to generation and has reached our days in the form of self-defense techniques that are present in almost every people of Eurasia. Ukrainian martial culture was no exception in this sense and was developed by the paramilitary units of all generations of ancient Ukrainians.
The topic of the presence of a belt in most types of combat is very interesting. And not just a rope bandage that ties clothes (shirt, robe or kimono), but a serious leather or thick tropical belt, with the presence of which you can build a whole layer of self-defense techniques using grappling actions. Where does such a tradition and confidence in the presence of an opponent of this, let's say, not obvious element of clothing come from.
Ordinary people did not wear a belt. They did not need it for anything, they did not need ropes, the grips of which, to put it mildly, are questionable, or rather simply impractical, but a strong belt capable of withstanding a huge load when the attacker jerks at it. Only a belt specially created for fighting can withstand such force - a warrior's belt. It was the warriors who wore leather "power" belts. This was absolutely necessary for securing weapons during a campaign and protecting the abdomen from injury.
Here we come to an interesting observation of the evolution of the development of combat horting in the combat culture of the Ukrainian army. In many cases, a warrior does not need striking techniques with his hands and feet. If a fighter has a cold weapon in his hands and there is some distance between him and the enemy, then there is no point in the warrior hitting the enemy with his hand. It is much more effective to hit him with a long knife, sword, spear or stick.
But, as soon as the distance between the warriors is reduced to less than half the length of an arm with a long cold weapon, the effectiveness of the weapon drops sharply, almost to zero in absolutely close contact. There is only one way to raise the effectiveness of the weapon again - to restore the distance between the opponents. And here the gripping technique of fighting with its tight grabs, knockdowns, knockdowns, throws and transitions to the ground comes to the rescue. This seems to be the main reason why in ancient times the art of fighting with grabs and throws was valued.
It was an ancient Ukrainian art of hand-to-hand combat between warriors. A logical continuation of the clash between two armed men. It becomes clear why the art of throwing the opponent with a certain technique, that is, the art of forcing him to be on the ground, was so highly valued. It was a way out of the stalemate of hand-to-hand combat, which made it possible to restore the necessary distance for delivering a decisive blow with a knife, sword or spear, and when the enemy is in a very difficult position below, deprived of the ability to move and effectively defend himself. It just remained to finish him off.
And striking a man in armor with his hands, even armed, say with a saber, is simply suicide. Even if a warrior loses his weapon in the course of a fight, the only real possibility for him to win is to break into a tight grip, to seize the opponent by the limbs or torso, while neutralizing the advantage of the enemy having a weapon.
Thus, it can be concluded that hand-to-hand combat with elements of struggle, in which there is a technique based on capture, and especially capture of the belt, obviously arose as part of the training of a Ukrainian warrior, an armed man, a professional soldier who is preparing for war.
This logical conclusion is quite clearly confirmed by the existing types of wrestling that have come down to us, in which belts are tied to opponents during fights. For example, glim is an ancient Icelandic wrestling with a leather belt, which originates from the fun (training) of Viking warriors during the winter and in peacetime. In the Caucasus, fighting was also common on the Chidaoba belts among Georgians and Koch among Armenians.
Clashes of wrestlers were a means of competition and determination of the best Dzhigits - warriors. The winners of competitions in the Central Asian national forms of wrestling, kuresh, kurash, huresh, kuresh, gulesh, hulesh, etc., received the title of "batyr" (warrior, hero).
Moreover, competitions, as a rule, always took place in a complex with horse riding and archery, which clearly indicates the complex training of the warrior, ready for combat. By the way, the samurai of ancient Japan practiced exactly the same triad in the training of a warrior. The conversation about sumo is special in general. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to hear from the mouths of "experts of the east" the statement that it was originally a pastime of Japanese peasants who rejoiced at a successful harvest, the construction of a new bridge in the village, and other events of local importance.
However, real sumo was nothing more than the basis of training for samurai warriors. By the way, the presence of a belt among sumo wrestlers is not accidental either. This is a very clear confirmation that this martial culture was once a military art, and a warrior could sacrifice anything in his clothes, but not the belt on which his greatest treasure - a weapon - was attached.
Parterre is not characteristic of most national types of belt wrestling. It is present only in some martial arts of the world. That is, this is not a very common phenomenon in the past, although today, in terms of the number of techniques and ways to achieve victory, it is in no way inferior to stand-up wrestling. At the same time, the parterre is secondary in relation to the standing fight. There is no known type of martial arts where the fight would start from a lying position.
Before the start of the fight, the opponents are always on their feet, unless, of course, some special or training tasks are not solved. And this is natural. A person prefers to move standing, not kneeling or crawling. Therefore, in hand-to-hand combat, the warrior enters, in the vast majority of cases, from a standing position. Moreover, it may not be possible to fight lying down in a real combat encounter.
Even in sports wrestling today, many wrestlers neglect the grounder. From this we can conclude that the technique of lying wrestling should have appeared after the formation of the technique of standing wrestling, as a development and expansion of the arsenal of techniques for achieving a fighter's victory, but not before.
From the point of view of modeling a hand-to-hand fight, the meaning of holding the opponent with his back on the ground is very vague. Holding does not lead to injury or other loss of the opponent's ability to act, and therefore, according to the rules of combat horting, it is evaluated as a separate technical technique of a ground fight, for which a clear victory is not awarded.
Moreover, in a real fight against several opponents, carrying out such a technique is simply dangerous, since transferring the fight to a prone position and being there with your back up makes the attacking fighter an easy target for other participants in the fight.
The ground is effective only in a one-on-one fight, and not in a group confrontation. But even here, holding poses a danger to athletes who practice it, since the main method of protection against holding in a sports situation of hitting the shoulder blades is considered to be lying on the ground (horting) with your stomach down, that is, with your back to the opponent. As the combat horting system teaches, the formation and habituation to such a specific sports skill for preparation for a real military hand-to-hand combat is absolutely unacceptable.
It can be assumed that this circumstance could not have been lost sight of by the military practitioners of the Middle Ages, since such tactical blunders were obviously punished in a real battle with one fate - death. Perhaps that is why in national martial arts, prone fighting is either completely absent or present as an auxiliary arsenal, that is, it gives the fighter the opportunity to choose whether to fight prone or not. If he believes that transferring the fight to the ground is dangerous, then he can not do this and still win. That is, transferring the enemy to the ground for a warrior cannot be the goal of a hand-to-hand combat, but can only be a possible option for the development of events.
Obviously, in order to avoid the temptation in the heat of a hand-to-hand combat to make such a mistake and fall to the ground, such a layer of technique was excluded altogether in most cases. And if the fight while lying down was still started, then it inevitably had to lead to an unconditional victory, and not to some abstract, dubious, mostly simple position above the opponent's body.
An unconditional victory in a fight while lying down can be considered to be the implementation of what is today called a painful technique or strangulation in combat horting, and you can also add to this arsenal a finishing blow technique to the head while standing above the opponent. This has a completely understandable military meaning. If a fighter has the opportunity not to be afraid of an attack from third parties, then he can continue the hand-to-hand fight while lying down, while eliminating the opponent's consciousness by finishing off in the head, breaking his arm, leg or strangling him.
In any of these cases, the warrior undoubtedly wins. Holding a hold has only a sporting or training meaning - a signal when receiving a score or before the end of the fight. From here we conclude that wrestling, which includes the ground as the goal of the fight and does not contain painful and suffocating techniques, was originally conceived as a physical exercise and a method of sports competition, but not at all as a martial art.
At the same time, throwing techniques were characteristic, if not to say more, a necessary attribute for elite warriors, those who had weapons, always carrying them with them by right, not hiding their personal weapons, and, therefore, are representatives of the ruling elite.
Grappling is a privilege of the military class, which does not need to hit the opponent with its hand. It always has weapons. Conversely, the oppressed strata of society, deprived of other opportunities, are forced to somehow solve the problem of the lack of weapons. They simply replaced them with their limbs, developing striking techniques. Striking techniques are also quite complex and place high demands on the physical fitness of the warrior.
In essence, it is the art of controlling one’s body and responding in a timely manner to an opponent’s blows using various methods of defense (tilts and deflections of the torso, blocks, supports, etc.). While wrestling is the art of controlling not only one’s own body, but also the body of an opponent who resists, which complicates the task by an order of magnitude. Therefore, striking techniques can be developed and mastered more quickly, and, therefore, are accessible to a wider population.
Having drawn conclusions, we see that combat horting is one of the oldest types of physical culture. Over many millennia of its development and existence, this type of physical culture has become not only a method of self-defense, but also a way of spiritual and physical self-improvement of people. It is impossible to list the number of types and styles of hand-to-hand combat, each of which has its own historical and philosophical basis.
Unfortunately, recently the spiritual foundations of martial arts have been forgotten, and physical training and practical application are mainly taken into account, while it is impossible to achieve perfect mastery of combat horting without knowledge of concentration techniques and self-knowledge.
Indeed, combat horting is the science of defending and attacking in response, and in a practical combat sense - it is a means of training Ukrainian soldiers to be ready to wage war and resolve conflicts in their own favor and in the interests of Ukraine. There are various forms, ways and methods of resolving conflicts. As a rule, in this matter, a moral-legal or normative approach and a forced-negotiation, or bargaining method are distinguished.
Of course, from the point of view of preserving peace and harmony between peoples, the first approach is the best, which is effective in cases where there is an agreement between the parties involved in the conflict regarding a set of basic legal and moral norms. However, in situations where such an agreement is absent, one of the parties involved imposes a forced-negotiation mechanism, the extreme manifestation of interstate conflicts and at the same time the extreme means of resolving them is war. How is war viewed in the combat horting system?
The word "war" itself comes from the ancient German werra, the roots of which can be found, for example, in the English word war. The roots of the ancient Greek polemos, which also means "war", have been preserved in the words "polemic", "polemist", and the Latin word bellum - "war" have been preserved in the English belligerent - "belligerent". In one form or another, this word is found in all world languages, both in past eras and in the present, which serves as one of the indicators of the universality of this phenomenon.
A warrior of the combat horting must know and understand what war is. War is a collective act, which differs in its nature from individual acts of violence. Calling war a collective act, we mean, first of all, a politically organized community of people in the person of a city-state, principality, empire in the past or a nation-state in the modern world, or two opposing sides in a civil war.
In other words, war is an act of interaction not between two specific individuals, but between state-organized communities of people. War, as a rule, is resorted to when the parties involved in it are convinced that with its help they will achieve greater dividends for themselves than through negotiations.
There are many forms of war: between different clans, tribes, ethnic groups, peoples, countries, empires, coalitions of states; local, regional, world; limited, civil, general, absolute, total, etc. But in general, wars are divided into those that are waged by two, several or many states with each other, as well as those that arise between different groups of citizens of one state. In the first case, these are classic interstate or external wars, and in the second - civil, civil or internal wars.
The entire history of mankind testifies that war is an integral and innate component of human existence, just like the craving for play, singing, stress relief, masquerades, etc. Here, the apology for war must be resolutely separated from the recognition of the very reality of this phenomenon. All human life is built on antinomies - this is life and death, good and evil, freedom and slavery, and much more. Some of the antinomies are insoluble. Perhaps the antinomy between war and peace also belongs to this antinomy.
The history of mankind is, first of all, the history of wars. Simplifying the question, one could say that animals do not have a history because they did not wage wars with each other. An animal does not know war, it knows only the struggle caused by the need for food, a mate, the need for territory for hunting, etc. Having satisfied its need, the animal is satisfied with what it has received and does not change the order of things in nature. Man is not like that. To leave the animal state, he must step beyond the side altar of nature, from the world of needs.
Man begins to strive for goods that nature cannot provide him with, and which are beyond the limits of purely biological aspirations. Man not only seeks to satisfy his biological needs, but also seeks recognition from the other and, moreover, the subordination of this other, gaining power over him.
Thus, war aims not only at physical survival, but also at imposing his values on others. Risking his own life, a person who is not connected to him in the manner of an animal concerned with the preservation of his existence, asserts his power and recognition. In this position, the struggle with another person is, as it were, "humanized", that is, acquires a human dimension. The peculiarities of the attitude towards another person are signs of a relationship not only of love, but also of competition.
Man fought in ancient times, he continues to fight in our days and, probably, will fight in the future as well. Ideas about the type and nature of wars and armies, defense systems, force methods, corresponding conditions that change in accordance with realities have changed. But at all times, human communities in various forms and guises have by no means considered the world to be the highest good. Moreover, for most of the history of mankind, almost all attempts to create no matter how large states and empires were associated with expansion, conquest, intervention, occupation. In many ways, the history of mankind itself appears as a continuous series of wars between tribes, peoples, nations, empires, clans of parties, wars with each other. Some sought to subjugate foreign countries and peoples to their rule, others craved military glory, others believed, as did our Ukrainian ancestors, that it was better to die standing than to live on their knees, and constantly fought with the invaders of their land.
In any case, the most convincing justifications for wars have always been found, since a person, judging by his actions, is somehow subconsciously guided by spiritual maximalism - there is nothing in the world that deserves mercy when it comes to honor and dignity. The inflated self-esteem of the ruler of the country has always prompted him to wage wars with other states.
It is no coincidence that since ancient times skeptics and losers have never stopped asserting that - man is a wolf to man. And from this formula followed another postulate, known to mankind - the war of all against all. Moreover, in all eras, man has had a tendency to heroize, romanticize and glorify war. In this regard, such a phenomenon as support for war and even enthusiasm of the people, often observed in countries before the outbreak of war, attracts attention.
In the political sphere, the enemy is not just a competitor in the economy, an opponent in sports competitions or an ill-wisher in ordinary private life. Here, a group of people is fighting, opposing exactly the same group of other people. For example, the entire history of the Christian world serves as a clear confirmation of the fact that Christians did not at all turn the right cheek to those who slapped them on the left. Moreover, they often themselves initiated wars, relatively speaking, giving such slaps on the cheek to others.
In human nature itself, apparently, there is a need to have an enemy - evil and merciless, who is subject to destruction because of this. The habit of directing one's hostility outwardly, towards strangers, was instilled in man along with the ability to reason, laugh, be surprised, and rejoice. From such logic it follows: "Why are you killing me? - What for, my friend, after all, you live on the other side of the river? If you live on this side, I would indeed do the wrong thing by killing you, but you live on the other side, and therefore I am right by killing you."
As established by anthropological and ethnographic research, the practice of using strangers as dangerous neighbors is as old as the world. If there was no real enemy that would threaten the unity and cohesion of the tribe, then they invented one. On this basis, antitheses appeared in tribal relations, we - them, our own - alien. In the eyes of a representative of one tribe, a representative of another kind, tribe, he is not a person, but he is an alien, a dangerous enemy.
When things are going badly in a family, in a team, in a country, there is too often a temptation to find the culprits of all the troubles. They are various minorities, religious, national, and in the international arena - these are states that supposedly hatch plans to conquer or enslave the country. The external enemy in this case often serves as a factor that unites a divided nation.
First, people create an image of the enemy. The image embodies a weapon. People kill others mentally, and then invent real weapons in order to kill the imaginary enemy physically. Military people of all times know that propaganda is ahead of technology.
The meaning of life, the meaning of being - a philosophical and spiritual problem related to determining the ultimate goal of existence, the purpose of humanity, man as a biological species, one of the main worldview concepts, which is of great importance for the formation of the spiritual and moral face of the individual.
The question of the meaning of life can also be understood as a subjective assessment of the life lived and the correspondence of the achieved results to the defining initial intentions, as a person's understanding of the content and direction of his life, his place in the world, as a problem of a person's influence on the surrounding reality and the ability of a person to set goals that go beyond the framework of his life.
In this case, the need to find an answer to the question: what are life values, what is the purpose of life or the most general purpose of a person's life as such, why and for what is it necessary to live? The question of the meaning of life is one of the traditional problems of philosophy, psychology, theology and fiction, where life is considered mainly from the point of view of determining what its most worthy meaning for a person is.
The idea of the meaning of life is formed in the process of people's activities and depends on their social status, the content of the problems being solved, lifestyle, worldview, and a specific historical situation. In favorable conditions, a person can see the meaning of his life in achieving happiness and well-being, but in a hostile environment, in captivity, life can lose its value and meaning for him.
People have asked questions about the meaning of life before and still ask them, putting forward competing hypotheses, philosophical, theological and religious explanations. The answers to these questions have been tested and shaped science. At present, military science is able to answer with a certain degree of probability specific questions such as "How exactly to fight?", "Under what conditions is it better to fight?", "What will happen if we start a war?". The biological foundations of the emergence of such questions are studied in military psychology.
Separately, it can be noted that within the framework of the psychology of combat horting, the question "What is the purpose of human life in general?" can be studied, since the psychology of combat horting operates not only with purely sports concepts, but also with general ones - "goal", "person" and "life", etc.
The modern development of combat horting is characterized by increased competition in the international arena, increased requirements for the technical and tactical preparedness of athletes, especially in connection with changing conditions of competitive activity, caused by the constant improvement of the technique and tactics of hand-to-hand combat, modernization of competition rules and methods of training athletes.
Combat horting is one of the most popular modern martial arts systems. This type of martial art has deep historical roots, it has absorbed the most rational elements of the national type of martial art and culture of the peoples who inhabited the lands of Ukraine at different times. In addition, combat horting is one of the most famous martial arts in Ukraine, which is a means of training warriors, based mainly on strikes, grabs, bends and throws of the opponent to the ground to continue the fight lying down and at the same time obtaining victory by effective ground techniques.
Unlike most Western and Eastern martial arts, which rely on the athlete's own strength, combat horting is based on the principle of maximum use of the opponent's strength, using his resistance to win when applying tactical developments.
The greatest contribution to the development of all types of martial arts was made by the coaches and athletes themselves, who repeatedly introduced innovations in technique, tactics, and found new approaches in preparing for competitions. Scientists who generalize and implement new systems for planning the training, extra-training and competitive activities of combat horting athletes also deserve to be noted.
Centuries-long cultivation of original types of martial arts improved the technique and tactics of fights, the rules of judging and the competition system. Gradually, the features of each type of martial arts were formed, which are expressed in the costume of the participant in the fight, the list of permitted and prohibited actions, the duration of the fight, the conditions for awarding victory, etc.
The festive and peaceful nature of the competitions turned out to be predominant, although the military-applied role of martial arts was not excluded. There is every reason to believe that the trends in the development of combat horting in the world have not only become established, but also received new additional impulses.
Combat horting is actively being implemented and studied in the Ukrainian army. One of the problems of the combat horting methodology is the problem of freedom of military commanders who are trained in the combat horting system, that is, their choice when making decisions and activities related to the defense of Ukraine. From the point of view of the philosophy of solving this issue, it is necessary to learn and understand the principles on which the head of a military unit should rely when making a choice that always arises before him in the process of his official activity, what methods and means he should use in this case and whether the final result of his choice will coincide with his personal point of view and the interests of the military service in the defense of Ukraine.
The problem of choice in the official activity of a commander who leads soldiers in a real combat situation is always relevant, since it directly affects his opinion, how free he is in choosing between the options offered to him, and what can limit this choice. The concept of the human factor is promoted and applied in the combat horting system. But the human factor is a set of all physical and spiritual forces of a person, society, collective, group, which are implemented in social practice. It manifests itself both in society as a whole and in its individual spheres and elements.
Regarding the Ukrainian active army, the human factor is nothing more than the motivating effect of all spiritual and physical forces of military personnel, which are implemented in the field of defense and security of Ukraine, maintaining high combat readiness of the troops, and reliable protection of the people from possible aggression.
The physical qualities of a person trained in combat horting are mainly biological, but it should not be excluded that they are formed under the influence of the social environment and manifest themselves through the conscious social activity of people. This fully applies to military activity. Against the background of the great complexity and intensity of military work in modern conditions, the commander of a unit engaged in combat horting is faced with the acute issue of achieving physical perfection of soldiers.
Shifts and marches, overcoming obstacles in combat conditions and those as close to combat as possible, training on special equipment, stress in everyday life, along with other factors, can strengthen the potential of the physical forces of soldiers. A high level of physical training is an important material prerequisite for their social activity and successful military activity.
The spiritual component of combat horting in relation to the human factor is expressed in the possibilities that are inherent in the psyche of people, in their social and individual consciousness. This is the spiritual wealth of a person, a collective, a class, and society. This includes knowledge, feelings, emotions, temperament, and will. In the interaction of these components, such complex spiritual factors as worldview, patriotic sentiments, and a conscious attitude to work and military duty arise.
The spiritual forces that the combat horting training system introduces occupy a special place in the human factor of the army. They must be brought to such a level as to ensure the active participation of the commander in maintaining high combat readiness of units and subdivisions, to withstand the stress of military service, and if necessary, the stress of modern combat. Here one cannot fail to mention the will, which, like a spring, is the driving force of a person’s spiritual wealth, especially in extreme conditions of military activity. Unlike the physical, the spiritual component of the human factor is less predictable and measurable, but more dynamic, mobile, and changeable. It can manifest itself in various states: from moral passivity and indifference to social optimism and civic, patriotic dedication. The spiritual forces of Ukrainian soldiers engaged in combat horting are formed both under the influence of social conditions, military life, and in the process of purposeful educational work, as well as in the course of moral and psychological training of troops.
Playing the most important role in the development of society, its material, spiritual and socio-political spheres, the human factor of a combat horting athlete, a warrior is inextricably linked with military affairs. In a situation, any situation, a lot, if not everything, depends on such a human factor as the commander's choice of a rational and fair decision. The entire military activity of the state, the activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are unthinkable without the participation of the human factor, without the physical and spiritual forces of people.
However, the manifestation of the human factor in society and in the army should not be interpreted simply and unambiguously. It follows from the very essence of man that his activity, on the one hand, is determined by the objective needs and requirements of society, on the other hand, he, as an active being, constantly strives for independence, creativity, initiative. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish the normative and creative modes of functioning of the human factor.
In the methodological plan of the combat horting system, it is important that both of these regimes are sufficiently balanced, do not allow for excesses in one direction or another, so that the mandatory requirements for a serviceman are combined with the possibility of his manifestation of initiative, creativity, self-realization. Speaking of the human factor in military affairs, it is necessary to bear in mind a fairly wide range of its manifestations, both in peacetime and in wartime, both in the process of strengthening the defense capability of Ukraine in general and in maintaining the combat power of the army in particular.
Firstly, the production, quantity and quality of weapons, equipment, ammunition, etc. depend on the activities of people, their knowledge, experience, dedication.
Secondly, the human factor of society largely determines the mobilization capabilities, the quantitative and qualitative state of the army personnel, both physical, spiritual and professional. A person in military uniform who is engaged in combat horting, no matter how fenced off he is by the fences and walls of military barracks, is intellectually, physically and morally an imprint, a fragment of Ukrainian combat culture. And the modern problems of the army are largely generated by the state of combat education in our unstable society.
Thirdly, the human factor affects the functioning of the military-scientific potential, even if the soldier possesses the basic aspects of combat horting. The degree of development of new models of weapons and equipment, their introduction into mass production, depends significantly on scientific teams and the professionalism of each scientist. Of paramount importance are the studies of military scientists in the field of solving problems of martial art, organization and management of troops, and the formation of moral and combat qualities of personnel.
The training system considers the role of the human factor in strengthening the defense of Ukraine as a whole, the methods of combat horting in terms of its effective formation. But it manifests itself directly in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, in their combat power. As is known, the combat power of the Ukrainian army has two main components: a person, with the appropriate military skill and spiritual state, and combat equipment. Only with this can one determine and reveal the role of the human factor in the army, both in peacetime and in wartime.
Thus, a skilled soldier must engage not only in combat horting in terms of physical fitness and studying hand-to-hand combat techniques, but also study the experience of other units, the combat part of the main types of weapons, constantly learn and exchange knowledge with other members of the unit's personnel.
If we take into account that the human factor in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is specific people who engage in combat horting, maintain and use military equipment, carry out combat duty, constantly improve their combat skills, increase the level of discipline and organization of the troops, then its influence is quite diverse and the commander's freedom in making decisions is far from being in last place.
The human factor in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the worldview and beliefs of people, their civic position largely determine the social role and direction of the army in peacetime. A person in the uniform of an officer who is engaged in combat horting understands the need to make his own choice, but cannot agree to the fact that he is pushed by one or another party to use weapons and military equipment. The human factor, to a greater extent than equipment, determines such a complex state of the army as the level of its combat readiness.
It is people who ensure the necessary and timely transition of troops to active actions in order to stop the enemy's aggression. Their training, spiritual and organizational readiness, and discipline allow them to keep military equipment in full readiness for the immediate performance of combat missions. The degree of mastery of complex and expensive military equipment and the effectiveness of its use in modern combat depend on the will of a person and, first of all, on the will of the commander who is engaged in combat horting and constantly works on himself.
The state of the human factor, and especially the level of training of command personnel under the combat horting system, greatly affects the choice of methods of conducting armed struggle, their novelty and diversity, as well as the most effective methods of using combat equipment. Here, the problem of choosing a particular solution by the commander of a military unit is very important, since its quick and timely choice can radically affect the outcome of a certain combat situation or military event.
If we take the war as a whole, then here the human factor plays a leading role. People put forward political goals of the war, plan and apply certain means of armed struggle, dictate conditions to the defeated. All this gives grounds to assert that the level of combat power of the army, where the “man - combat equipment” system operates, is played by man, the human factor. Therefore, the combat horting system affects the level of comprehensive training of the person.
Of course, without equipment, one cannot hope for victory in modern war. Its role is great, and it is growing even more in the conditions of modern scientific and technological progress. However, combat equipment is, as it were, an extension, enrichment, and strengthening of human organs. It only multiplies the forces of people, repeatedly expanding the boundaries of the possible, and the human factor, through the skills of combat horting, embodies these possibilities into reality.
With equal technical equipment or even slightly inferior in it, a hand-to-hand fight or military battle is won by the side that has a higher-quality personnel than the enemy, which has a high motivation to win and possesses the human factor.
Since combat horting reveals and expresses the active side of people, the question arises: is there a limit or measure of active, creative, initiative human activity or is this process unlimited? In other words, we are talking about the degree of freedom of a person, the human factor. In relation to military affairs, the problem lies in determining the degree of freedom of such an application of the human factor as command personnel. Sometimes in ordinary reasoning one can hear: the strict regulation of military service deprives an officer of the possibility of free choice.
The concept of freedom is difficult to imagine without its interaction with necessity and its cognition. Indeed, a person carries out his activities, manifests his freedom not in a vacuum, but in the environment and under the influence of various phenomena of reality, which are in a natural connection and act as a necessity. Therefore, the perception of such freedom in its connection with necessity is not always unambiguous and threatens with extremes.
Combat horting teaches a military person to resist misleading factors. The dialectical connection of freedom and necessity is much deeper, more complete, richer than it seems at first glance. This connection has deep, including general biological foundations. For example, every animal organism has an innate, objective, genetic program, necessity. At the same time, it adapts to the environment. In social life, including military affairs, everything is more complicated.
On the path to freedom, a person must master the real world. This means that he must act, carry out effective activities for himself. But in order for such activities to take place, a warrior must achieve deep knowledge of reality at the level of establishing regular, that is, necessary connections in it. Therefore, this freedom is based on the knowledge of objective necessity, the ability of a person to act in accordance with his interests and goals.
For any person engaged in combat horting, including a combat commander and soldier, to be free means: to be able to recognize necessity; based on this knowledge, to develop the right goals, to choose and make justified decisions not out of coercion, but according to his beliefs; in practice to embody them into reality. The freedom of a combat horting athlete, a military man, a warrior includes not only objective, but also subjective aspects. This is called inner freedom. These general provisions fully apply to the freedom of the commander, but are filled with specific content.
The basis of the freedom of a combat commander is the knowledge of necessity. It includes, first of all, the laws of nature, the laws of social relations of people, the laws of the physical and spiritual existence of man himself, the laws of war, the goals of armed struggle, the goal of military affairs as a whole. The last group of laws most directly affects the manifestation of the will of the combat commander, both in peacetime and in wartime.
The system of combat horting in military units promotes these groups of laws - the deepest and fundamental layers, components of the freedom of the commander and soldier. They are comprehended in the process of studying various sciences: anatomy, biology, sociology, pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, military science, etc. But in everyday practical reality, a soldier also deals with another layer of duties in the form of specific things, objects, natural conditions, material means to achieve the set goal, etc.
Based on knowledge, problems of increasing the combat capability of troops in peacetime or in a combat situation, a soldier acquires the ability at the level of internal freedom to determine his choice in the decision-making process. A combat situation, for example, despite the strict requirements, nevertheless provides many opportunities. For example, the freedom of a military commander who is engaged in combat horting consists precisely in choosing certain opportunities, goals, means, and techniques to defeat the enemy or, if there are no such prerequisites, to slow down or disrupt his performance of a combat mission. It can be said that under the combat horting system, all the activities of a commander are an endless choice.
The responsibility of command personnel who study combat horting is formed in the process of training and education, and becomes their property. Thus, a person acts as an active, active being. His active side in a generalized form is reflected in the concept of the "human factor". A special role in military affairs belongs to command personnel. The freedom of their activities is inextricably linked with necessity and responsibility, therefore, in combat horting, the dialectic of the objective and subjective in the combat activity of the commander of a military unit and his choice is studied. The combat activity of the commander, that is, his purposeful influence on the combat situation in order to understand it and transform it for the successful actions of his troops, depends on many circumstances, including the dialectical relationship of objective and subjective factors.
The objective and subjective in the combat activity of the commander are inextricably linked, in dialectical unity. The combat activity of a soldier is, on the one hand, objective, since it is carried out in accordance with the objective situation of confrontation with the enemy, the objective laws of combat operations. On the other hand, it is also subjective, because it always acts as a purposeful activity, largely determined by internal motivations. At the same time, these internal motives are by no means generated by human ambitions, but are conditioned by objective circumstances, the combat situation that is developing at the moment.
The laws of war exist objectively, regardless of people's consciousness, they are part of the objective in war. But they are realized through the activities of soldiers and their choices, who have consciousness, will, and purposefulness - that is, thanks to the subjective factor. After all, every combat commander who strives for victory in a clash with the enemy consciously seeks and analyzes such opportunities that would lead to the achievement of the desired goal, the expected result. But this cannot be achieved without the exertion of all intellectual forces, the entire spiritual world of the individual. Because of this, the following questions arise in the combat horting methodology: in what interaction are the objective laws of war and the conscious, purposeful component, freedom of will in the commander's combat activity? The history of military-philosophical thought has shown that not all military leaders managed to rationally solve this problem. The dialectical approach according to the combat horting system overcomes all kinds of extremes. Unlike the laws of nature, the objective laws of war, hand-to-hand combat, military combat, playing a decisive role in relation to the subjective factor, do not at all exclude, but rather assume the conscious activity of the warrior, his manifestation of initiative, creativity, independence, military cunning in battle.
Without this, the laws of combat operations cannot be implemented at all. These laws express only the objective tendency of the development of the combat situation, the course and result of the combat operation, and this tendency is implemented through the will, courage, perseverance, courage, intelligence of the warrior, consciousness and purposefulness in combat activity, with the full tension of physical and spiritual forces.
So, the dialectic of the relationship between the laws of war and the conscious choice of the Ukrainian warrior is that, on the one hand, one cannot count on victory by acting contrary to the requirements of these laws. On the other hand, one cannot exclude or belittle the importance of the conscious activity of each soldier in battle. Despite the fact that the combat activity of a warrior is always determined by the laws of battle, he is not absolutely limited by these laws and is not powerless before them. He can and must influence the manifestation of these laws, make a reasonable choice and purposefully use them for victory.
Combat horting teaches every warrior to be able to exercise free will in battle. The prerequisite and main condition for the manifestation of free will in battle is a deep and most complete knowledge of the laws of war, that is, the expansion of knowledge. Only then does a warrior have the freedom to make a particular decision in battle when he has comprehensively learned the laws of battle, the features of their manifestation and the requirements that follow from them. Freedom does not lie in the imaginary independence from the laws of nature, but in the knowledge of these laws and the knowledge of the possibility of systematically forcing the laws of nature to act for certain purposes.
This provision fully applies to the freedom of a warrior in battle in relation to the laws of war. What are the forms of using the laws of war during combat operations? Probably, this is a change in the conditions in which these laws operate. The laws of war in general, and armed struggle in particular, manifest themselves only in the presence of certain conditions. Therefore, by changing the objective conditions, the warrior, by changing the scope and force of the laws themselves, directs this action in a direction favorable to his searches.
For example, knowing that the balance of forces in a given area of combat clash with the enemy is not in his favor, the combat commander can change this balance by regrouping or introducing reserves. Only in this case will the law of the balance of forces work for him. Particularly favorable opportunities for changing the conditions for the manifestation of the laws of battle arise in the case of the use of modern means of destruction, which can lead to a sharp change in the balance of forces and the combat situation as a whole.
In the understanding of combat horting, one of the forms of using the laws of war is the conscious choice of one of the many possibilities that may arise in a combat situation as a result of the manifestation of one or more laws. When making a decision, a warrior, within the framework of the requirements of the laws of war, can consciously choose such an option, such a course of action, which will best contribute to the defeat of the enemy and victory over the enemy. An important form of using the laws in battle is the warrior's ability to force the enemy to violate the requirements of these laws. This can be achieved by choosing the right tactics: skillful camouflage, the arrangement of deceptive false positions, the demonstration of distracting blows, unexpected, non-standard actions, etc.
Principles of combat horting in military art
The principles of combat horting in military art are those that follow from the laws of war and the laws of military science, the most general, fundamental and normative provisions on the methods of preparing for and conducting armed struggle in order to achieve success in it. They act as reflected and transformed in the minds of people the requirements of the laws of war and combat, as a specific manifestation of these laws. But by their nature, the principles of combat horting in military art represent the unity of all circumstances.
On the one hand, they express the objective content of the laws of armed struggle, abstract from them, and are not a product of human imagination. On the other hand, the principles of combat military art are subjective in form and partly in content. They not only reflect the content of the laws of war, but also express the attitude, the goal of the activities of all personnel in combat conditions. Their formulation is the result of conscious creativity of people.
The principles of martial art according to the method of combat horting are formed as a result of the direct reflection of the laws of war, the indirect reflection of one or more laws of war through the prism of the laws of science, by analyzing the combat experience of people. It is customary to distinguish a group of general and private principles of martial art.
General principles are valid for armed struggle of any scale. These include the following principles: high activity and determination of a warrior in battle; mastery of the initiative and its retention; early creation and skillful use of reserves; suddenness of action, accounting and full use of the spiritual factor; comprehensive support of the battle; firmness and continuous control over the army.
These principles require the warrior to make clear decisions and rationality when assessing the situation or choosing a particular solution. Private principles are manifested in the combat operations of each type of troops, on different scales and types of combat operations, in separate wars. What place do the principles of martial art occupy in the mechanism of using the laws of warriors? Unlike the laws of military science, which only state the existence of a significant connection in armed struggle, and from which specific practical recommendations for a warrior do not follow, the principles of combat horting, military art act as guiding provisions, general recommendations for the warrior's activities in the process of preparing and conducting combat operations.
The principles of military art are normative rules that more directly affect the behavior of a warrior in battle than the laws of military science. But the principles of military art are not strictly deterministic recommendations. Therefore, the process of their use and application is creative in nature and requires the warrior to have high skill, competence and flexibility of thinking.
The main link in the mechanism of the warrior's use of the objective laws of war are combat instructions, instructions, which specify and consolidate the requirements of the laws of combat operations, the laws of military science and the principles of military art. All instructions are a reflection of the laws of military science and the principles of military art, which, in turn, reflect the laws of war.
So, the freedom of will of a soldier engaged in combat horting differs from the concept of “freedom” familiar to civilians. In military life, the interests of work, service and the state are clearly at the forefront, and a soldier is guided in his decision primarily by combat necessity, and then by all other factors. This, in fact, distinguishes a military person from an ordinary civilian. A military person has no right to refuse to solve the tasks of his service.
A leader often faces the problem of choice in life, and therefore it is necessary to deeply comprehend in what the individual's free will manifests itself. The fulfillment of the task set before him and all further activities will depend on what decisions the leader makes. And this means that combat horting athletes now need to learn how to make their own choices and how to find the right one among many solutions. Having understood the laws of war, the needs of subordinates, their own interests and the interests of the service, having properly weighed and evaluated them, one can give a reasonable and rational answer to the task set and choose the right way to solve it.
Analysis of the problems showed that combat horting as a school of warriors and a professional and applied martial art is a very complex, multifaceted and thoughtful phenomenon. However, the viability of its combat tradition, its unusual adaptability to various socio-historical and cultural conditions, with its unchanging attractiveness for modern civilization, is obvious.
Schools of combat horting have historically been formed as communities, associations, headed by masters of combat horting - teachers, mentors. There is a certain hierarchy here, which is determined by the level of skill and spiritual maturity of the school members - the master, senior and junior students. The origins of this hierarchy lie in the family and clan foundations of the organization of professional medieval associations.
The personal basis of training in schools of combat horting, their internal cohesion and external autonomy constantly require the development of a special, extensive system of personal and professional selection of students, control over the learning process and evaluation of its results. Reflecting today on aspects of the viability of combat horting, discussing the prospects for the development of this tradition, one cannot help but think about what exactly and in what respect is acceptable for our Ukrainian contemporaries and compatriots.
It is quite obvious that the norms and principles of medieval, and even diverse culture, cannot remain unchanged. It is enough to turn to the experience of assimilation of foreign martial arts in Ukraine for this. After all, now many fans of martial arts from other countries are switching to combat horting - Ukrainian martial art. At the same time, any cultural heritage requires a careful attitude towards itself. It is important, rejecting the past, external, not to miss the eternal, essential, values that have a universal meaning.
Combat horting is sometimes associated in the mind of the layman as a dangerous full-contact sport and martial art in which opponents beat each other with their hands and feet. We owe this opinion to many television fighters, and even to some poorly educated individuals who use combat horting techniques as a demonstration of their physical superiority over other people, and therefore the statement that combat horting helps to strengthen health and prolong life may seem false. And yet this is exactly the case. Combat horting is a means of training and improving a person's health.
The positive impact of martial arts on health has been known for a long time. Back in the middle of the 20th century in Ukraine, during medical examinations in schools, doctors noted that children who engage in wrestling and boxing differ sharply from other students in better physical fitness, proportionality of physique and excellent health. Combat horting improves plasticity, increases endurance, reaction speed, trains the whole body and improves its mobility. All this contributes to strengthening health and directly affects the increase in life expectancy.
From all of the above, it is clear that combat horting helps people to prolong life and maintain physical activity until old age. Therefore, it can be argued with full reason that combat horting is not only the art of fighting with bare hands, but also the art of living a long life.
The philosophical basis of combat horting is based on systemic principles that consistently follow from each other, namely: the principle of mastering techniques and testing them in practice, where the main idea is a balanced approach to training based on intellectual, moral-ethical and physical development; the principle of the most effective use of the energy of the body and consciousness, which can be characterized as a method that contributes to the improvement of all spheres of human life; the principle of mutual understanding and exchange of knowledge, which is a social manifestation of the highest ideal of combat horting; the principle of using combat horting skills not to harm other people, but only in case of need to protect the honor and dignity of oneself and one's loved ones.
Through the analysis of the predecessors and leaders of combat horting, we managed to find out the origins of the philosophical basis of the "way of the Ukrainian warrior", as well as the degree of its manifestation in modern combat horting.
The roots of the principles of combat horting lie in the schools of military education of Kyivan Rus, Zaporozhian Sich and other administrative-territorial formations of a combat orientation, which were located on the ancient lands of Ukraine.
The last and final principle of the sequence from the study of imitation forms to hand-to-hand combat of combat horting was created, developed by Eremenko personally, and thus complexes of formal exercises were introduced into the training program. In formal complexes, he saw both a hidden sacred meaning and a completely accessible practical side. In addition to the forms, Eremenko introduced another completely new form of training for martial arts - these are free fights according to complex rules of diverse time periods.
They were in great demand by combat horting specialists, and allowed them to achieve high results in the sports field. But, the sports side in them does not act as a leader, moreover, combat horting exists as a real effective means of practical training of military personnel and law enforcement officers to perform their duties. Actually, a similar situation exists today in the "world" combat horting, that is, the combat horting that is located outside of Ukraine.
What is called "world" combat horting, the elements of warrior training in it, can practically not be in demand abroad, since it is an intra-Ukrainian system, closed for foreign use. In fact, only the "tip of the iceberg" is visible there, and the tip, which under the influence of time has changed its outlines, acquired new contours and little resembles the original form of combat horting, which is a professional and applied sport of Ukrainian security forces.
And yet, the ideals of the “way of the Ukrainian warrior” of combat horting, despite the fact that they came to us from the distant past, from the world of the ancient Ukrainian combat culture that was completely previous to us, are understandable and applicable at the present time in any part of the globe. The true ideals of combat horting are high universal ideals for the improvement of the world.
Considering the concept of “combat horting as a sport” in a broad sense, the competitive activity itself, special preparation for it, as well as specific interpersonal relationships and behavioral norms that are formed on the basis of this activity are covered. In this sense, the sports path in combat horting appears to be a rather complex, multifunctional and diverse phenomenon of social reality, which occupies a significant place in the physical and spiritual culture of Ukrainian society.
The path of a combat horting athlete who trains for results is an extremely effective means of physical education, and a particularly effective factor in the formation of personality, constantly stimulating self-determination and self-affirmation. In modern Ukrainian society, combat horting has acquired considerable ideological significance, has become a national professional and applied sport of Ukraine, therefore the National Federation of Combat horting of Ukraine plans to continue working towards the further spiritual and moral education of athletes.
Today, combat horting has become one of the most important components of social life for some people. For them, combat horting is a profession, business, and sometimes it is politics. Athletes who have achieved high results become national heroes, idols of millions: they are admired and proud of them, their achievements are wanted to be imitated. And are there many people among them who are highly spiritual, well-bred? Can a combat horting athlete serve the Motherland with their results? What does combat horting lead to more - to the unification or separation of people? And in general, is combat horting compatible - not only professional, but also amateur, everyday - with a pious life?
The spiritual education of combat horting athletes is connected with their life activities, aspirations, preferences, constant choice of paths, cultural development, participation in public life, talents, abilities, acquisition of a certain set of valuable universal human qualities and other signs and motives of universal human behavior, which fully depends on personal upbringing.
A broad horizon of a combat horting athlete is acquired through training in various fields of activity, reading literature, studying the history of Ukraine and foreign countries, various creativity, poetry, writing articles, stories, painting pictures, studying music, artistic speech, singing songs of various genres, revealing artistic and circus talents, mastering foreign languages, and other manifestations of personal talents. Poetic speech and artistic prose are two types of organization of artistic speech, between which sometimes there is no clear boundary. Some phenomena are transitional in nature, and their belonging to a particular type of artistic speech can be determined by comparing with other phenomena.
Combat horting is a national type of professional and applied sport of military personnel and law enforcement officers of Ukraine, and it has a great influence on the universal and military-patriotic education of children, youth and specialists in this field. Applied elements of sportsman training are offered to those who wish to serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other state power structures. Combat horting is one of the most effective, mass and young types of professional and applied sports and martial arts, which is actively developing in all regions of Ukraine.
This is a martial art that synthesizes the study of self-defense techniques, spiritual, energy, psychological aspects of development. Combat horting is equally effective as a generally accepted and health-improving system of physical exercises, and its applied part, which is a universal means of personal self-defense.
The practice of combat horting is very useful for people of any age, regardless of physical data. This system is not religious in nature and is equally accessible to everyone. Combat horting is a synthesis of military means and sections of training, which indicates an effective system of self-defense techniques. In addition, this type of applied warrior training is a dynamic form of meditation that is designed to resolve most conflict situations in a reasonable, peaceful way.
Combat horting is a unique professional and applied art of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which was born in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. Combat horting is based on the philosophy of harmonizing a person’s internal energy with the surrounding world, as well as a person’s readiness to protect himself, his relatives and the state in any extreme situation.
The formation of the personality of a warrior as a person and a professional specialist in combat training, the study of combat horting occurs in the process of repeated practice of specific self-defense techniques. Combat techniques when retreating from the line of attack, performed in an effective manner, internally thought out and externally worked out, are an extremely powerful weapon against an attacker.
The main goal of combat horting in this direction is the formation of a healthy, creative and holistic personality of a person, his harmonious existence, and in the event of an attack – timely neutralization of the conflict through a certain technique of self-defense techniques and mastery of the skills of actions in an extreme situation. It can be noted that there are no restrictions and contraindications for practicing combat horting, either by age or health status. This allows you to work with young children, adolescents, people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, who do not have vision, and even with the absence of some external signs, internal organs, etc.
Combat horting as a martial art is an integral part of the traditional military culture of the Ukrainian people. Knowledge of the combat culture of your people provides invaluable assistance in understanding the history of generations, different strata of society, allows you to highlight the threads that connect the past and the present, and most importantly - makes it possible to restore socio-historical memory and predict the future.
In the modern world, there is a mass fascination with various martial arts systems, but young people to a certain extent do not know enough that the Slavs, who were ancient Ukrainians, had an equally interesting, and even more effective system of physical, social and spiritual education of men - a combat tradition. In the research literature, the problem of Ukrainian traditional martial culture has its own fundamental solution and is independently posed due to the need to prepare Ukrainian soldiers to defend the Motherland.
The issues of traditional martial culture of Ukraine, the specifics of its regional forms remain fruitful topics for cultural research. In turn, the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine has created a basic theoretical and methodological model of such a phenomenon as traditional martial culture, including ancient Ukrainian. The presence of disparate information about the traditional martial culture of Ukrainians in various areas of humanitarian knowledge encourages combat horting specialists to synthesize them, considering traditional martial art as a complex and holistic phenomenon of the general culture of the Ukrainian people.
It is also possible to realize the spiritual and moral potential, traditions of combat horting in socio-cultural conditions, including in modern Ukraine, provided that their specifics are taken into account. Based on the humanitarian significance of the activity, enshrined in the types of training in combat horting, as a professional and applied martial art of the invincible Ukrainian warrior.
With the divergence of humanitarian meanings in martial arts and the state (direction, ideological and political and other system), in Ukraine there was an official permission to practice and teach (broadcast) martial arts, enshrined in the legislation. At the same time, amateur public interest in combat horting, as a type of professional and applied sport and martial art, thereby became more motivated.
The process of transferring martial knowledge itself consists, first of all, not in transferring their form, but in revealing the spirit, creative possibilities of the personality of children, adolescents, youth and adults. At the same time, such acculturation must inevitably have its own specifics in the different historical and socio-cultural conditions of the country where it is instilled. Yes, this country is Ukraine, on whose lands there have always lived warlike men, courageous warriors, glorious Cossack foremen and chieftains, worthy defenders of their native lands.
Studying the applied techniques of combat horting (the use of effective techniques of combat techniques in non-standard situations - in transport, on a summer playground, in a narrow corridor, in an open area, in a forest, etc.) are elements of mastering the bodyguard and police variants of combat horting.
During training, a novice athlete masters the following skills: learns to navigate in real combat conditions; will be able to universally apply the technique of grabs, strikes, throws, painful and suffocating techniques; scientifically substantiates the basics of the latest methods of conducting a fight and protecting against an armed attacker.
Combat horting is one of the universal directions of martial arts. Combat horting differs from traditional and sports directions in that it generates universal applied means of defense as a highly effective martial art, the skills of which are suitable for practical use.
In combat horting, the main emphasis is on the perfection of combat techniques, as well as the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, in conditions of aggressive street fighting. During combat horting training, the athlete learns to quickly react to an enemy attack, navigate in conditions of free fighting, and use the most effective self-defense techniques for protection.
The philosophical aspect, which is inherent in the broad understanding of the Ukrainian art of self-defense of combat horting, recedes into the background during combat operations, in extreme situations, in moments of need to protect others, in moments of threat to personal life. The need to act quickly and harshly during a fight involves the use of combat techniques, which can sometimes cause physical harm to an adequate and not entirely aggressive opponent, and significant physical suffering to a malicious attacker.
However, this does not mean that combat horting has only a practical, technical and tactical side, since the real martial art in question (including the training aspect of combat horting) is a system of personality education, self-improvement of body and spirit. Therefore, in combat horting, spiritual education, to a certain extent, is always present, and it actually accompanies the entire training process of athletes of all age groups.
At the same time, combat horting is a traditional martial art of military personnel and law enforcement officers, as well as a specific cultural phenomenon of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other power structures of the state. Currently, military scientists in Ukraine are studying combat horting and justifying the need for its implementation in the practice of training soldiers for military service and performing combat missions.
The subject of this study is the typological appearance of combat horting as a traditional applied martial art on the example of Ukrainian military tradition and culture. The purpose of these studies is to conduct a cultural analysis of the process of emergence and features of the development of the most important forms of the phenomenon of combat horting, as a traditional combat culture and an element of the phenomenon of the military culture of Ukrainian society, necessary in modern conditions for the upbringing of a holistic personality capable of spiritual, practical and material creativity, as well as absolutely prepared to defend Ukraine.
Thus, in accordance with the object, subject and purpose of research on the history, philosophy, pedagogy and psychology of combat horting, the following tasks of research on training activities for specialists in this field have been identified:
1) to analyze in a broad and narrow sense the basic concepts of combat horting;
2) to consider the historical development of the Ukrainian national professional and applied martial art - combat horting, as a phenomenon of the combat culture of the Ukrainian nation;
3) to consider the role of combat horting in the development of the personality of children, young men, adolescents, pre-conscription youth and servicemen of active military units, as well as participants in hostilities, war veterans and the Armed Forces of Ukraine;
4) to characterize the foundations of the Ukrainian military force and its specific features;
5) to highlight the reflection of combat horting in culture and art;
6) to analyze mass all-Ukrainian competitions in combat horting, characterize their features and opportunities for popularizing military affairs in Ukraine;
7) to investigate the cultural foundations of combat horting;
8) to consider the role of combat horting in the culture of Ukrainian society;
9) to show the place of combat horting in the system of moral and ethical formation of the personality;
10) to consider the system of combat horting as a means of realizing a person’s hidden capabilities in mastering self-defense techniques from an attacker in real extreme conditions.
The scientific novelty of the study of combat horting is as follows. The research field of cultural studies includes the phenomenon of combat horting as a traditional combat culture of the Ukrainian nation and a specific complex of various forms of material and spiritual-practical activity, as well as a means of specific combat military self-creation.
The study provides a cultural interpretation of the concepts of "military-applied martial art of the Ukrainian nation", "traditional martial art of the Armed Forces of Ukraine" on the basis of the established research experience in the development of combat horting. An analysis of modern types of training of military personnel and law enforcement officers using combat horting as a traditional combat culture of Ukraine was carried out, and the cardinal difference between combat horting and ancient forms of traditional combat art was established and the transformation of the traditional combat heritage of Ukraine was shown.
Based on the study of the modern content of combat horting as a traditional combat culture in the structure of the general culture of Ukraine, its role in the culture of Ukrainian society has been revealed, the positive relay into the life of a military person of the set of significant values, customs, traditions, norms and rules of behavior passed down from generation to generation, which combat horting introduces.
The study of combat horting means has great scientific and practical significance, which grows with the formation of a cultural understanding of the traditional combat culture of the Ukrainian nation, because combat horting is also a form of physical improvement. Another thing is that people who decide to engage in combat horting are in training in order to learn the skills to effectively protect themselves and their loved ones. But they must be guided in the issues of the necessity and legality of the use of force.
It must be understood that combat horting skills must be used only for defense, not for attack, and even more so - not for committing a crime. Of course, strength of character is needed for this, but even more important is the concept of adequate application of techniques, knowledge of the moments of application of force, use of levers against the attacker, physical fitness, reaction to the attacker's actions, mastery of the technique and tactics of conducting a fight, understanding of the orientation system in conditions of spontaneous combat, the ability to repel an attack from two or three opponents, combine combat techniques for self-defense, etc.
This is the main difference between combat horting and traditional martial arts. Currently, combat horting excludes the use of one or another technique according to established rules. On the contrary, in combat horting classes, instructors teach to combine combat techniques depending on the situation that has developed at a given moment, using such techniques that are most effective at a given moment and in given circumstances.
This demonstrates that the combat equipment and the content of the applied combat horting technique are not intended to take a worthy place in competitions, receive a medal or a belt of the next qualification (combat horting degree - rank), and training is carried out, first of all, with the aim of improving self-defense skills that can be applied in practice in real combat with the enemy.
In order to talk about the importance and effectiveness of the use of combat horting techniques as a professional applied martial art for military personnel and law enforcement officers, it is necessary to fully delve into them, to come to an understanding of the deep essence of combat techniques. And for this, first of all, it is necessary to understand the very essence and meaning of a warrior's combat training. Applied martial art, which is combat horting, is various systems of training and self-defense, various training methods, but all of them are aimed at developing, mainly, automatically practiced skills of conducting hand-to-hand combat by all possible means to neutralize the attacker. In the modern world of intense life, combat horting skills are used for both physical and spiritual self-improvement. Daily combat horting training brings the body into order, helps the warrior harmonize his state of mind. The philosophy of this applied martial art plays an important role in educating a person, making him a true warrior-winner. Physical culture by means of combat horting is a human activity aimed at strengthening health, developing special physical abilities, which is part of the general culture of man, as well as part of the culture of society.
The main indicators of the state of physical culture by means of combat horting in society are: the level of health and physical development of people; the degree of use of physical culture in the military and law enforcement spheres, the sphere of upbringing and education, in production, everyday life, in the organization of free time; the nature of the physical education system, the development of mass sports, higher sports achievements, etc.
Thus, a situation has developed in the world that if people are engaged in combat horting, then there is no decline in physical culture and health activity of people after 25 years, as is generally the case. After university, people begin to work, develop in the professional sphere, but they also physically know how to rest. This is an important positive, since otherwise the situation may lead to the fact that in the most effective period of labor activity there will be a fading of a person's physical abilities and, consequently, deterioration of health and a decrease in labor productivity.
The problems of the development of combat horting in Ukraine are solved through the development of various forms of activity and sports competitions. The authorities of Ukraine do not ignore these issues and constantly strive to improve the forms of work. It is also necessary to highlight positive moments that indicate that improvements are taking place in the field of combat horting: there are and are being implemented a number of state programs related to the development of combat horting abroad. Ukraine is trying to actively participate in the organization and holding of competitions of the highest level in different countries of the world.
Military-patriotic program of combat horting
One of the main aspects of educating young people in personal qualities in the combat horting system is considered to be patriotism of a person. Only a true patriot of Ukraine will be ready to defend it with dignity. According to such views, combat horting introduces patriotism to the level of the main national value, high and necessary.
Patriotism is one of the most global human feelings, entrenched for centuries and millennia, combines love for one's land, pride for one's people, responsibility for its past and present, readiness to protect it. In the process of teaching and training, combat horting teachers prove to students that patriotism is the highest form of manifestation of spirituality. A patriotic athlete will always have willpower and a desire to win, even in a difficult situation and excessive workload.
Patriotism in this sense is the moral foundation of personal self-education, social and state development, the use of influential levers of the national educational idea of combat horting. This is one of the primary conditions for the effectiveness of the functioning of the system of social and state institutions in our country.
Without resolving the issue of creating an effective system of military-patriotic education, further sustainable social development and ensuring the security of the Ukrainian people, state and individual in the physical culture and sports, cultural, political, economic, social, spiritual, military and other areas are impossible. For the sake of fruitful work and successful education of a person capable of protecting himself and his family, his home and his Motherland, the organization of combat horting has developed, in parallel with sports, applied and health-improving work, certain methods of military-patriotic education of children and youth.
The solution of the above-mentioned tasks is based on the definition of the ideological foundations of modern military-patriotic education, the formation of a new ideal of a strong Ukrainian, taking into account the need to combine individual and social elements in educational processes, the formation of a common national character and a common sports national spirit, the implementation of an effective physical culture and sports, historically and ideologically proven system of military-patriotic education, which meets the prospective interests of the Ukrainian military, as well as the principles of biological and cultural-national self-preservation, following the ethnic call of blood and patriotic traditions of Ukrainian combat horting.
Combat horting in this matter is a positive example, even for other states, of the existence of a comprehensive system of youth education, the main principles of which are based on the principles of compliance with the existing concept of state building, the prevailing religious teachings in the modern period, the worldview of the masses and the historical requirements of the time.
Military-patriotic education and sports and applied training of students in the Cossack-knight historical traditions is one of the priority areas in the activities of a club or sports section in combat horting. Patriotic education is aimed at the formation and development of a personality that possesses the qualities of a citizen-patriot of Ukraine and is able to fulfill civil duties in peacetime and wartime.
It is the school years that are the time when the foundations of fundamental health for life are laid. Movement, gymnastics, sports games stimulate the formation of positive qualities of young combat horting athletes: courage, feats, purposefulness, perseverance, courage, determination, the ability to overcome difficulties.
Combat horting students need active actions that bring immense joy, satisfaction and at the same time give a charge of vigor for a long time. Defenders of Ukraine must be physically prepared, they need deep knowledge, high general culture. The process of educating the future defender of Ukraine is, first of all, the organization of a lifestyle of youth filled with patriotic aspirations.
In the patriotic education of the younger generation, communication with war veterans, combatants, military personnel, and law enforcement officers who are invited to holidays and educational events in the sports sections of combat horting plays a large role. Communicating with war and labor veterans, listening to their memories, and getting acquainted with the relics of the national feat, students acquire enormous spiritual wealth and a desire to defend Ukraine.
The program of military-patriotic education of combat horting in educational institutions is a complex system that provides for diverse educational activities, consolidation of knowledge from the course of Defense of Ukraine, physical culture and study of self-defense techniques, the basics of medicine, geography, biology, health maintenance and strengthening, as well as acquiring practical self-defense skills for use in everyday life and in extreme conditions.
The purpose of military-patriotic education by means of combat horting: national-patriotic education of the younger generation, formation of the personality of a patriot and citizen, stable motivation for the need for safe life activities and a healthy lifestyle, avoidance of harmful habits, acquisition and consolidation of skills of action in dangerous situations of a domestic and public nature.
The tasks of military-patriotic education by means of combat horting: mastering the basic skills of maintaining personal and collective safety, providing self- and mutual assistance in extreme situations, strengthening the moral and willpower state and physical development of students, familiarization with the basics of rescue work, providing general and special physical training for service in units of the state's power structures - in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, education of the ecological culture of students, active participation in the activities of the organization of combat horting both in Ukraine and abroad.
In accordance with the program of military-patriotic education by means of combat horting, work is being carried out to accumulate an educational and methodological base, and there are also various forms of conducting classes: theoretical classes of various educational directions; practical training classes in a sport; training in the applied section of combat horting; tourist trips, visits to historical places, as well as places of Cossack glory; participation in calendar sports competitions.
The program of military-patriotic education of combat horting for students of general secondary and extracurricular education institutions is designed for two levels of education:
the initial level for children from 6 to 13 years old (children 6–7 years old, younger boys 8–9 years old, boys 10–11 years old, older boys 12–13 years old), which is a superficial perception of the problem, but is characterized by knowledge of Ukrainian traditions and children's interest in patriotic education through songs, poems, stories, meetings with adult famous people, etc.;
basic level for boys and girls from 14 to 17 years old (cadets 14–15 years old, juniors 16–17 years old), which is characterized by a noticeable understanding of the topic and the need for self-education, the ability of students to positively perceive and, in addition to the technique of combat horting, study the following disciplines:
military training, combat discipline, fire training (according to the capabilities of the educational institution);
applied section of combat horting, basics of self-defense, applied physical training, gymnastics, acrobatics, throwing, sports games;
life safety and civil protection of the person;
topography, tourism, sports orienteering;
ethnic combat and health traditions of the Cossacks.
In the process of conducting these classes, combat horting trainers emphasize the extraordinary role of the positive personal qualities of their students, thereby conducting mass popularization in the cause of patriotic education and the formation of a positive image of the defender of Ukraine in children and youth. From this point of view, the Cossacks are an extremely vivid example of Ukrainian heroism, strength of spirit, and organization. The Cossack era brought both Ukraine itself and the world a new, exceptionally effective, multi-level system of general and military-patriotic education.
Combat horting as an applied and educational system in its spirit and views is suitable and positively perceived by Cossack organizations in Ukraine. The organization of the combat horting fruitfully cooperates with the Cossacks, because, thanks to the unique system of military, general educational, patriotic training, today the Cossacks retain their own identity and internal vitality, forming the ideological, mental and physical basis for the restoration of Ukrainian statehood and the formation of a security system and the protection of the national interests of Ukraine. From generation to generation, from generation to generation, each person must know and remember the most precious, most sacred, bequeathed thing of their history.
Together with national-patriotic, Cossack and other patriotic organizations, the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine carries out military-patriotic education of children and youth using the following methods:
personal example of a trainer-teacher (the activities of an educator who is a role model for youth, ensures the pedagogical and disciplinary requirements of the combat horting system;
forming young people of confidence in the social usefulness of activities to prepare for the defense of Ukraine;
holding combat horting sports competitions, seminars, certifications, schools, camps;
self-training of students, which is carried out as a process of active formation and self-improvement of a young person, fostering a sense of patriotism, which is implemented through self-commitment, independent learning and self-control.
A certain section of military-patriotic education is carried out in the form of lectures, conversations, stories, excursions to museums of military units, meetings with veterans of war, labor and military service, hiking to places of military glory, search work, participation in the work of clubs and circles of military-patriotic orientation in educational institutions.
One of the main forms of military-patriotic education is military-chief work, which consists in establishing and maintaining ties between combat horting clubs and circles with veteran organizations, military units, higher military educational institutions in order to conduct joint activities on military-patriotic education of youth, instilling in them civic feelings and qualities of a strong personality ready to defend Ukraine.
Direct combat horting classes in sports halls play a large role in the physical training of young men and youth for military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Combat horting classes form the qualities that are necessary for a soldier: high efficiency, endurance, clear coordination and accuracy of movements.
Also, the attendance of combat horting students by additional classes with teachers of the subject "Defense of Ukraine". During classes on pre-conscription training, combat horting athletes get acquainted with the specifics of military work, study the principles of preparation for the performance of soldier's duties, learn about the features of service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and cultivate the qualities necessary for a future soldier.
The program of pre-conscription training using combat horting allows, when studying each topic, to use materials from the life of soldiers in peacetime and to promote examples of the heroic past of the Ukrainian people and its Armed Forces in classes.
During such classes, students of combat horting are also introduced to the text of the military oath, which allows them to reveal important requirements for the moral and combat qualities of future soldiers, and forms a sense of national pride for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Motherland, which must be able to defend. During classes, the military-applied physical training of students is increased.
Military-applied physical training in combat horting should be understood as a type of physical education, the specificity of which is to teach movements and cultivate physical qualities that have applied significance in relation to military service, as well as ordinary labor and sports activities. This term is used when they want to emphasize the applied orientation in the process of forming physical qualities, for example, in military personnel or persons engaged in combat horting as a type of martial arts specific to military activity.
Combat horting as a type of martial arts is a real and perfect professional-applied discipline. The result of physical training is physical fitness, characterized by certain achievements in the formation of motor skills and physical qualities.
There are also other concepts that are an integral part of physical training. General developmental exercises are a term that refers to motor actions aimed at general strengthening of the body and creating a basis for mastering exercises of higher complexity. Such exercises include running, jumping, gymnastics, the simplest acrobatics, outdoor games.
Professional and applied physical training in combat horting is a specialized process of physical education, which aims at a systematic approach to solving problems related to the creation of broad prerequisites for the formation of physical qualities necessary in combat horting, which will be useful to a young man in the conditions of future service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
This also includes the usual health and preventive measures: morning exercises, health jogging and swimming, compliance with the work and rest regime, development of general abilities in coordination (agility), flexibility, strength, speed and endurance. Special physical training, which is carried out with combat horting athletes during military-applied training, is a specialized physical education aimed at the formation and improvement of physical qualities and skills necessary for solving professional military tasks.
Such tasks are actions based on combat horting techniques, for example, disarming an enemy armed with a knife, pole, shovel, stick, etc. Special physical training includes such exercises as: self-insurance in case of falls, various acrobatic and gymnastic exercises, actions with high speed and power characteristics, but within the scope of combat horting specialization.
In order to successfully carry out educational work in the direction of military-patriotic education, the combat horting trainer-teacher carries out the following activities and uses methods specific to this activity, namely:
carries out military-patriotic education activities and plans activities outside of class time;
monitors the moral and ethical state of athletes and provides them with constant assistance, conducts conversations;
involves the sponsoring veteran organization, military unit, parents' active group and other patriotic and Cossack public organizations in military-patriotic work in the combat horting group;
maintains constant contact with the teacher of the subject "Defense of Ukraine" in organizing military-patriotic work with students, and also assists the teacher in creating the necessary conditions for students to master military knowledge and skills;
plans and organizes work on military-patriotic education in his group of students;
participates in conducting patriotic events in educational institutions;
ensures the active participation of combat horting athletes in various events on military-patriotic education;
promotes the improvement of military knowledge by involving students in military-technical circles, competitions, thematic evenings, Olympiads and other events held in an educational institution in order to prepare students for military activity;
uses educational material from the theoretical and practical sections of the combat horting program in extracurricular time in work on military-patriotic education;
manages the work of the combat horting sports section, making maximum use of sectional classes for conducting military-patriotic education;
helps organize reading conferences, evenings, reviews, competitions, exhibitions, meetings, and viewings of films on military-patriotic topics.
According to the educational philosophy of combat horting, military morality is a set of rules of morality that determine the behavior of a soldier in society as a defender of Ukraine. If we consider the issue of education and improvement of the personality in combat horting from the same position, we should rely on the philosophical concept of the three components of a person - spiritual, intellectual and physical as a single whole.
Spiritual education should be understood as moral education based on adherence to the principles of military morality.
Intellectual education is understood as mastering knowledge of those sciences that directly or indirectly relate to military arts, preparation for service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and participation in search activities in this area.
Physical education should be understood as the process of forming physical qualities and motor skills necessary for mastering hand-to-hand combat techniques - applied combat horting techniques.
Only with the combination of the above areas in the athlete's training and educational influence can we speak of the harmonious education of a specialist in combat horting. Therefore, the issue of improving the personality in combat horting, which understands the need for special training to master initial military knowledge and skills, is considered in the context of military-patriotic education.
Some manuals and documentaries that the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine demonstrates to its athletes have the state seal of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
For example, documentaries on military-patriotic topics: “Afghanistan. 80th reconnaissance company. 20 years in a row” and “The Last Height of Eduard Yeremenko” (the main role is played by the founder of the combat horting Yeremenko E. A., a veteran of the 80th separate reconnaissance company of the 103rd airborne division in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan) were reviewed by the physical development laboratory of the Institute of Educational Problems of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, recommended for review in lessons and implementation in the curriculum of the subject “Defense of the Fatherland” of general secondary education institutions of Ukraine.
These films have the stamp of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine "Approved for use in general education institutions", letter of the Institute of Innovative Technologies and Educational Content of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine No. 1–4/18–3920 dated 07.12.2011, approved by the Commission on Defense of the Fatherland of the Scientific and Methodological Council on Education of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine (Minutes No. 3 dated 01.12.2011).
Considering that in each educational institution the specific distribution of responsibilities between members of the teaching staff is determined taking into account the interests, capabilities, and knowledge of individual teachers, the coaching and teaching staff of the National Combat Horting Federation of Ukraine assumes part of the responsibility together with the teachers of the institution for conducting patriotic events.
In modern conditions, along with the growth of the educational function of educational institutions, the role of the family in raising children is increasing, the importance of social education is increasing, therefore, educational work in combat horting is carried out together with parents. A developed section or club of combat horting, in which a qualified specialist works, can fully become the center of educational work in the microdistrict, and widely use the help of the public and parents in the work on the military-patriotic education of students.
In order to improve military-patriotic education in combat horting, work is carried out with the parents of students, namely:
explaining to parents the tasks of military-patriotic education of students;
familiarizing parents with the basic methods of military-patriotic education in the combat horting system;
involving parents in the work of the combat horting sports section, in extracurricular and extracurricular work in matters of assistance in conducting sports competitions, educational and methodological and qualification seminars, hikes, excursions, military sports games, conversations with athletes on patriotic topics, various forms of joint search and creative activities and assistance in managing the section.
The diverse professional knowledge and skills of parents, their enthusiasm under the skillful pedagogical guidance of a combat horting trainer-teacher will help enrich both physical education and health-improving and military-patriotic work with students.
We recommend to parents the following forms and methods of military-patriotic education of students in the family:
acquainting children with family combat and labor traditions;
conversations about the heroic deeds of the Ukrainian people;
reading and discussing books on military-patriotic topics with children;
joint viewing of heroic-patriotic films, television programs;
encouraging children to participate in caring for monuments and graves of soldiers, providing assistance to war invalids;
developing interest in the military profession and service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine;
moral support in achieving results in combat training, general health, physical training and hardening of children.
The experience of advanced organizations, clubs, circles and sections of combat horting shows that military-patriotic education of students in the spirit of constant readiness to defend Ukraine must be carried out systematically, purposefully and persistently. In this direction, a system of exercises and elements of applied physical training of combat horting athletes has been developed. The methodology for teaching applied elements includes: determining the level of physical fitness of students; learning and performing exercises to develop strength, speed, endurance; sports and military-applied games; basics of self-defense; self-insurance; introductory and preparatory exercises; the concept of necessary self-defense, protection from blows with the hand, foot; striking, grabbing, releasing from grabbing; learning the elements of combat horting; implementing protection from a sudden attack; techniques for fighting multiple opponents; training in performing basic sports and applied combat horting techniques; recovery and treatment techniques for dangerous injuries and wounds.
Combat horting as a martial art means a means of achieving victory over an armed opponent and one of its methods is a type of combat without weapons, which would mean fighting in an unarmed way. However, in reality, combat horting opens up much wider, more diverse possibilities. The arsenal of combat horting techniques has effective and systematic ways of transforming any organ or part of the body into a means of confronting an armed opponent.
Therefore, every trained athlete who is seriously engaged in this type of martial art has at his disposal a whole variety of natural means of counteraction, including not only trained fists, but also hardened legs, elbows, knees, and what is important - a wide arsenal of effective throwing techniques.
These means must be trained accordingly, so that in cases of extreme situations, the athlete can deal a single, but powerful and final blow to a sore point on the opponent's body. Throughout its existence and development, combat horting has always been only an art of defense.
In real life, the etiquette of combat horting prohibits athletes from using techniques for attack. The athlete uses them only when necessary to repel the attacks of attackers. “Never use combat horting techniques to harm other people” is the main commandment of combat horting, which was expressed by the founder of the sport, Eduard Yeremenko, and which is instilled in everyone who first put on a hortovka training suit and began to learn techniques.
As already noted above, improvement is a logical continuation of the educational process. It is very important that the pedagogical system for forming an experienced athlete in combat horting methodically connects periods of training and improvement in the process of many years of activity, as a result of which an athlete raised according to the traditions of combat horting would forever become a principled patriot of Ukraine, capable of rising to its defense, morally, psychologically and physically ready to serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other law enforcement agencies.
From a practical point of view, the methodology for mastering the applied section of combat horting fully meets the needs of preparing a young soldier for service, but once in the real army, a young soldier must learn a lot and quickly, and he does not have time to adapt to real conditions of service, therefore the combat horting system seeks to involve veteran and Cossack communities as much as possible in military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of young people.
In this direction, appropriate information and popularization work is being carried out. After all, in the educational sphere, no national program, presidential decree, or mayor's order is worthless if in a separate community an individual boy or girl does not feel their action and the healthy, strong spirit of the national heritage.
At a time of extraordinary development of military technology, when every day the world community learns about new inventions in the field of war, when the probability of an accidental war is reduced to almost zero and the probability of a planned, purposeful, extraordinary war increases many times over, the person himself acquires a decisive role as a decisive factor in any issues in social relations. Neither the most modern technology, nor even the best command will be able to solve and overcome the consequences of the outbreak of war on their own.
The person, his strong will, his firm character, and high morality are the most important and decisive in the struggle. The one who is principled, who is more morally stable, stronger in character and stronger in sacrificial love for Ukraine always fights better, therefore the system of military-patriotic education of combat horting, with the support of the leadership of educational institutions, carries out specific work to attract children and youth to sports halls and gradually plants in them the seeds of patriotism, love for Ukraine and readiness to defend it.
The modern purpose of combat horting as a sport
In Ukraine and abroad, combat horting competitions are held among the following age groups: children, boys and girls 6–7 years old; younger boys and girls 8–9 years old; boys and girls 10–11 years old, older boys and girls 12–13 years old, cadets and cadets 14–15 years old; juniors and juniors 16–17 years old; adult men and women 18 years old and older. However, combat horting is not only a sport of the highest achievements, but also a mass sport. In Ukraine today, it is engaged in (according to various sources) from 30 to 50 thousand people (in general, about 100 thousand people are involved in combat horting in the world).
In the development of the sport, such a situation has arisen that if people engage in combat horting, there is no decline in physical and health-improving activity of people after 25 years, as is generally the case. After university, people begin to work, develop in the professional sphere, but also physically and spiritually know how to rest. This is an important positive, since otherwise the situation may lead to the fact that in the most effective period of labor activity there will be a fading of a person's physical abilities and, consequently, deterioration of health and a decrease in labor productivity.
The problems of the development of combat horting in Ukraine are solved through the development of various forms of activity and sports competitions. The authorities of Ukraine do not ignore these issues, and constantly strive to improve the forms of work. It is also necessary to highlight positive points that indicate that improvements are taking place in the field of combat horting development: a number of state programs related to the development of combat horting abroad exist and are being implemented. Ukraine is trying to actively participate in the organization and holding of the highest level combat horting competitions in different countries of the world.
Modern and popular professional and applied sport of Ukraine combat horting develops systematically and gradually, as a means of training it has become a system of physical exercises that are specially selected and classified into competition rules, aimed at a comprehensive or selective impact on certain functional systems of the body. Combat horting has very attractive competitive elements. Currently, the main section of combat horting competitions “Hand-to-hand combat” is the most popular. It is this system of techniques and physical exercises in Ukraine and abroad that is currently developing at the fastest pace, the number of people engaged in combat horting is steadily growing.
Sports competition is one of the main types of sports activities of the National Combat horting Federation of Ukraine and the World Combat horting Federation. The development of physical qualities, mastering the techniques and tactics of combat horting, material and technical support and many other factors of the athlete’s training, ultimately, find their expression in the real competitive result. At the same time, combat horting competitions not only summarize the preliminary preparation, but are themselves quite an effective means of physical and mental development of the athlete.
Combat horting competitions, held all over the world, significantly affect the development of athletes' motivation, their desire to get into national teams and go abroad, to defeat strong rivals from other countries. Prizes, medals, sports titles, the implementation of training efforts, self-affirmation and other incentives affect the formation and dynamics of both the entire sport and each individual. Objective competitive situations are at the same time an attractive and effective way to achieve a high sporting goal, and thanks to this, the motivation of athletes acquires a more specific, targeted competitive meaning.
Holding world and European championships, national championships of Ukraine, the formation of competitiveness as a whole group of motives that encourage combat horting athletes to participate in competitions and strive for victory, is an important aspect of the preparation of each promising athlete. In sports competitions, quite responsible, sometimes life-threatening and health-threatening extreme situations often arise, forcing athletes to act at the limit of their own capabilities.
In studying the process of the formation of combat horting as an updated and modern professional and applied sport, it is advisable to highlight two aspects:
identification of factors that influence the process of the emergence of new and non-traditional methods and the renewal of combat horting as a sport using innovative teaching and training technologies;
definition and characterization of the stages of the formation of combat horting.
The conducted studies allow us to note that the emergence of the national professional and applied sport of combat horting in the modern socio-cultural environment of Ukraine, the effectiveness of the process of its formation is determined by a complex of such interrelated factors, which are listed below.
1. Revival of the combat and sports traditions of the Ukrainian nation.
2. State support.
3. Public utility.
4. Olympic perspective.
5. Public administration.
6. Applied significance and wide scope of application.
7. Natural accessibility.
8. Effectiveness of techniques and tactics.
9. Social accessibility.
10. Positive public opinion.
11. Sponsorship attractiveness.
12. High competitiveness.
13. Methodological and personnel support.
14. International cooperation.
15. Human factor.
The problem of determining the stages of the formation of combat horting as a professional and applied sport undoubtedly requires a comprehensive socio-economic study. An important component of the latter is the generalization of the experience of practical activity in this area. Effective methodological and personnel support for combat horting classes, on the one hand, satisfies the requirement of preserving the health of those who engage in it, on the other hand, is the basis for training highly qualified athletes.
The formation of combat horting is a multifaceted process of interconnected activities of state and public bodies managing physical culture and sports. At the same time, the leading role in determining the strategy of the sport is played by the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in Kyiv on January 30, 2020.
In various other types and sections of combat horting, the process of their formation has undeniable specificity. At the same time, the identification of general patterns of this process allows enriching the strategy of development of combat horting as a national professional and applied sport of military personnel and law enforcement officers of Ukraine.
Summarizing the above, it can be stated that the main factors of the philosophical and psychological nature of combat horting as a type of martial art are its moral and ethical norms. At the same time, the general cultural principles of educating athletes, formulated on the basis of universal morality, reflect the relationship with military training and labor practice and stimulate their moral, mental and physical development.
Combat horting is a means of educating a harmoniously developed personality. It helps to focus all the internal resources of the body on achieving the set goal, increases efficiency, allows you to squeeze into the framework of a short working day the fulfillment of all the planned tasks, and creates a need for a healthy lifestyle.
The physical culture of each combat horting athlete is part of the general culture of society, one of the spheres of social activity, which is aimed at maintaining health, developing human physical abilities and using them in accordance with the needs of social practice. The physical culture of a person by means of combat horting is the broadest, collective concept. It includes all the achievements of combat horting accumulated in the process of socio-historical practice: the level of health, sportsmanship and talent of students, science, works of art related to physical education, as well as material, technical values, sports facilities, equipment, etc.
By physical culture by means of combat horting is understood the totality of all goals, objectives, means, forms of activities inherent in a given society that contribute to the physical development and improvement of athletes. This includes both general physical education and active competitive sports. Physical education by means of combat horting is a pedagogical process aimed at improving the forms and functions of the athletes' body, the formation of motor skills, skills of knowledge related to them, as well as the upbringing of physical qualities of the personality. Physical education is connected with other aspects of the education of combat horting athletes - moral, aesthetic, production, labor, national-patriotic, etc.
Combat horting as a sport is the dominant form of manifestation of physical culture of athletes, and this word is often used as a synonym for the concept of "physical culture". The combat horting sport can be considered as a system of results of physical culture of athletes, since this term means the desire for physical achievements based on norms and rules, training and competitions.
In the combat horting methodology, the term "sport" is used in relation to different areas depending on what goals the athlete sets for himself, or the one who participates in certain sports activities. This is children's and youth combat horting, mass sports (sports activities during leisure time, in free time from studies), as well as combat horting of high achievements - amateur and professional (juniors, youth and adult athletes).
The intensification of competition in the international sports arena has made combat horting one of the active spheres of human activity of members of combat horting federations and clubs in different countries of the world.
Combat horting, like the general physical culture of athletes who train, is objectively a sphere of mass independent sports activity. It serves as the most important factor in the formation of an active life position of students who are engaged in sports sections.
A number of studies have found that schoolchildren or students who are included in systematic combat horting classes and show a fairly high level of activity in it develop a certain stereotype of an effective daily routine, increase confidence in behavior, develop prestigious attitudes towards achievement and high vitality.
They are more sociable, express readiness for cooperation, enjoy social recognition, are less afraid of criticism, have higher emotional stability, endurance, are more optimistic, energetic, and have more persistent, courageous, determined and purposeful people who know how to lead a team.
This group of students or students is more characterized by a sense of duty, conscientiousness, concentration, independence, and responsibility. They successfully interact in work that requires stability and tension, they enter into contacts more freely, are more inventive, and leaders are more common among them, and they are more likely to have self-control and self-discipline.
This indicates a profound positive impact of systematic combat horting classes on the characterological features of the athlete's personality.
At the same time, for high-class athletes there are effective methods for improving the technique and tactics of combat horting. The upbringing of a high level of physical qualities is based on a constant desire to overcome super-abilities for each student, and a highly qualified athlete can even surprise others with his physical and volitional abilities.
But to master the skills of such a high level, it is necessary to constantly and regularly follow the rules of proper physical education, adhere to a training regimen. The main stage in the upbringing of these qualities is the progressive period in a person's life of 14–18 years - the age group from cadets to adults (cadets 14–15 years old, juniors 16–17 years old, adults 18 years old and older), during which the necessary educational material is consolidated for its further application in life, high-performance work and reaching the peak of sports and physical fitness.
Thus, combat horting for many people has become the only universal means for achieving a variety of goals.
For Ukrainian scientists, philosophers, teachers, psychologists, religious figures, Slavic monks, it is a method of bringing one's consciousness and body to a state that leads to merging with the ideal of existence, to longevity, achieving enlightenment, that is, to perfection and higher consciousness.
For military leaders and warriors, law enforcement officers, it is a method of improving technical skills in order to achieve victory over a specific enemy, opponent, criminal.
For adherents of folk schools, it is an opportunity to find internal, spiritual self-improvement and join the spiritual tradition of ancestors, thereby acquiring a new form of existence. At the same time, for combat horting specialists not as a sport, but as a martial art, spiritual wealth often becomes an alternative to material well-being, a way of internal confrontation with an unfavorable external environment.
All three groups are improving the applied techniques and tactics of combat horting - both in parallel courses and in cross-curricular ones.
Combat horting as the art of Ukrainian warriors is a very complex, multifaceted phenomenon. It has an obvious vitality of the combat folk tradition, its unusual adaptability to various socio-historical and cultural conditions, with an unchanged appeal to modern civilization.
Penetrating into other countries, combat horting partially loses its original value and separates the main directions: the national identity of Ukrainian single combat, medical and health gymnastics, applied single combat and the peculiarities of conducting hand-to-hand combat with an absolute determination to impress the enemy, defeat the enemy, because these specific techniques, encrypted in the genetic code of Ukrainians, are practically impossible to implement outside Ukraine.
Bearing in mind this deep cultural prerequisite for the viability of combat horting as an art of single combat, it is possible to single out the most unique features of the Ukrainian combat tradition. As a type of military profession and a system of hand-to-hand combat, this martial art is not something exceptional. We find many analogues in the history of various peoples - among the ancient Sarmatians, ancient Egyptians, Scythians, Slavs, Scandinavians and others. But the fact that combat horting raised from the level of a simple combat technique to the level of a military path played a decisive role in the development of this type of martial art and determined its general cultural value as the foundation of the national combat custom of Ukrainians.
The key cultural-forming role in this issue is played by the educational potential of combat horting. Its influence was pervasive and manifested itself not only in worldviews, but also in methods of psychological training, in specific methods of studying and improving the technique and tactics of hand-to-hand combat based on the applied features of the Ukrainian genotype and effective techniques of combat horting.
The school of combat horting has historically developed as a form of community, association, led by master teachers. There is a certain hierarchy here, which is determined by the level of skill and spiritual maturity of the school members - master, senior and junior students. The origins of this hierarchy lie in the family and clan foundations of the organization of professional combat and sports associations.
The personal basis of training in combat horting, its internal cohesion and external autonomy require the development of a special, extensive system of personal and professional selection of students, control over the learning process and evaluation of its results, as well as testing of combat skills during real hand-to-hand combat at competitions of the all-Ukrainian and international level.
Reflecting today on the aspects of the viability of combat horting as a type of martial art, discussing the prospects for the development of this military tradition, we cannot help but think about what exactly and in what respect is acceptable for our contemporaries and compatriots. It is quite obvious that the norms and principles of ancient times, and even foreign national culture, cannot be preserved unchanged.
It is enough to turn to the experience of assimilation of combat horting in the east and west of the planet. At the same time, any cultural heritage requires a careful attitude towards itself. It is important, rejecting the minute, external, temporary, not to miss the eternal, essential, that which has universal human value, because combat horting embodies the rich traditions of the peoples who lived on the lands of the Slavs.
Nowadays, combat horting has the following classification of modern forms: mass sports, specialized training methods, military professional and applied skills, means of health improvement, methods of raising children and youth, etc. Combat horting as a mass martial art is considered as a folk physical culture and health gymnastics for the working masses, the younger generation and pensioners. Specialized applied practices of combat horting have been developed in military, law enforcement, sports and medical institutions of higher education, newly discovered sports sections and clubs.
Military special methods of training combat horting are defined, on the one hand, as an effective system of conducting hand-to-hand combat, on the other - a system of improving the personal qualities of military personnel and law enforcement officers. By "other" we mean forms that can be used in the widest areas of modern human activity: fundamental research, history, educational activities, psychology, medicine, etc.
A mirror objectively reflects events, while not changing. A person, looking into it, sees not a mirror surface, but his reflection. Similarly, a truly qualified master of combat horting: his character, true image is a secret for the absolute majority of those around him. Only a true master who has brought his technique to the ideal, the technique really comes from the heart.
Thus, the study of martial arts refers to the transmission of the true tradition from teacher to student. The martial arts instructor is a living embodiment of the original founders of the school, and the school ensures the transmission of that inner secret powerful knowledge to which the martial arts instructor is dedicated.
To transmit the true martial arts tradition, it is important that a relationship of deep trust is established between the teacher and the student - only absolute faith in the teacher will help the student to implement the technique he comprehends. Thanks to faith, as the highest pedagogical manifestation, the student has sincere trust in the style he is studying, in its truth and the values inherent in its wisdom. Undivided faith in martial arts as a style and the teacher sets the direction of development and does not allow the student to deviate from the true path.
Currently, combat horting, as a professional and applied sport of Ukraine, is cultivated in many territorial and departmental organizations and is regulated by educational and methodological documentation that guides, regulates and accompanies the educational and educational work of coaches. As a complex of educational disciplines, combat horting is mastered in institutions of general secondary, extracurricular and higher education, which form the professional education of specialists, which is regulated by educational documentation: curricula, schedules of passing educational disciplines, programs, manuals and even monographs.
In addition, territorial and departmental federations of combat horting hold short-term seminars or courses for training, retraining and advanced training of judges and coaches.
Combat horting, as an object of scientific research, also functions in scientific research institutions of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine. In the process of this activity, scientific potential, subject field, methodology, methods, technology of research and implementation of the results of scientific research on the development of combat horting in Ukraine and the world are formed.
Combat horting is also called upon to perform a special function in modern post-industrial society, to some extent resisting the pressure of technogenic progress on the human psyche with unbearable physical and emotional loads, stresses that shorten the lifespan of a person. Combat horting provides "switching mechanisms" for each individuality, provides a kind of "outlets", filling them with positive content, saves people from searching for "escape from reality", into drug addiction, alcoholism, "virtual reality" or even suicide.
This function of combat horting poses a special problem of personality development not only in the form of the main professional activity, but also in the form of a hobby, leisure organization or recreational activity for each person. The creation of non-professional, amateur sports unions and societies for combat horting grows into the problem of implementing the vital rights of the individual to protect physical and mental health in a technogenic society.
Domestic experience and world practice indicate that public organizations for combat horting have and exercise a significant influence on the development of the physical culture and sports movement not only within our country, but also in a single world community, having a significant impact not only on the course of economic and political events, but also on the improvement of interethnic relations and the strengthening of cultural communications between different nations.
Combat horting as an international sport is currently characterized from the point of view of humanistic ideals and values, acting as an important integrating factor in the system of international relations, playing the role of a kind of "ambassador of peace", which promotes mutual understanding, cooperation and manifestations of goodwill in establishing friendly relations between different countries and peoples.
It should be noted the growing relevance of combat horting as a professional activity not only for athletes, but also for those who carry out organizational activities in the conduct of sports events. The object of scientific research on this issue is the evolution of combat horting as a socio-cultural phenomenon from its inception to the present day, as well as a complex of special and socially useful functions based on the materials of the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine.
The subject of these studies is often the specifics of the formation and development of combat horting in different periods of the state's history under the influence of economic and political changes, the nature and dynamics of the development of this sport in Ukraine and abroad, and its place in everyday human life and the recreational culture of modern Ukrainian society. The chronological framework of the research covers all possible periods of the history of the Ukrainian people from its origins to the present day.
The modern philosophy of combat horting currently covers almost all the problems of human life and society, and actively solves them. Military people in Ukrainian society occupy a special niche, as they are entrusted with certain duties and responsibilities. But, along with this, they are burdened with their own problems related to their official activities.
You need to learn combat horting during training - in other words, during practical classes under the guidance of an experienced mentor. Its highly effective techniques cannot be mastered independently, because combat horting is an applied specialized version of the sports development of self-defense techniques.
In order to achieve mastery, you need to find a master, a person who is ready to teach the athlete, and a group of students with whom you can train. The choice of a school, section, club or sports hall for combat horting depends on the athlete's age, interests and conditions, but since there are enough experienced teachers, educators, finding a convenient place for training will not be particularly difficult.
In addition to a gym with a special hort, soft flooring, gymnastic mats, and a wrestling mat, the student will need a hort - a sports uniform. A combat horting trainer usually helps beginners with its selection and purchase. The hort consists of a jacket, trousers, and a belt. It is sewn from durable cotton fabric and does not constrain movements, so it is very convenient to practice techniques in it. It is also an important aid for performing a grab and throw of the opponent. The traditional hort is dark blue, but the color of the belt should correspond to the athlete's qualifications. You need to go to the gym in a good mood, prepared to do everything in the athlete's power in this matter. From the very first lesson, the athlete will begin to study the safety rules and etiquette in combat horting. Usually, classes begin with a bow designed to demonstrate your respect for the teacher, teachings, and training partners who help the athlete learn. This is followed by a warm-up and learning the art of falling safely to the mat after a throw – self-insurance when falling on the greyhound. Insurance is an important skill that must be mastered before proceeding to study other elements of training, as they help not to get injured when falling.
The ability and skill to fall confidently frees the mind and relaxes the body. Having mastered this, you can move on to studying more complex movements. Most people are afraid of falling. Only persistent practice will help overcome this fear. There are many options for insurance, but no matter which one the athlete uses, he will need to learn to fall in any direction – forward, backward on his back, to the side, over his head, etc. You can proceed to mastering the technique of combat horting throws only after he has sufficiently mastered the actions of the torso, arms and legs, head during the throw when falling and at the moment of direct contact with the surface of the greyhound, carpet, gymnastic mat, floor, ground.
Horting classes will increase the level of physical fitness, because the higher it is, the easier it will be to engage in combat horting. Most athletes supplement their classes with strength training, running and other intensive exercises. At the same time, one should never forget about precautions, especially if an athlete is engaged in combat horting for general development. After all, the goal of classes is to gain health, not lose it.
Since combat horting is characterized by dynamics and strength, some of the techniques, if performed incorrectly or carelessly, can cause the athlete unexpected injury. Dangerous techniques should not be practiced without the supervision of a trainer and on unprepared people. They should be performed in a group under the control of a trainer, carefully monitoring the actions of the partner on whom the technique is performed. In short, the practice of combat horting should be treated very seriously and responsibly.
"Horting Encyclopedia"
Eduard Yeromenko
© 2014