Monitoring the fitness of athletes using the horting method

Modern living conditions place high demands on the level of physical development, working capacity and protective forces of the human body. Physical education of athletes effectively stimulates positive functional and morphological changes in the developing organism, actively influences the development of motor abilities of combat horting athletes.

Combat horting classes should provide each athlete participating in the educational process with physical education, a sufficient and necessary minimum of theoretical, physical, technical, tactical, psychological preparedness, which are aimed at providing a base for mastering combat horting, general physical culture for life, personality development, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Unfortunately, some parents do not sufficiently understand the health-improving value of combat horting, do not pay due attention to the physical education of athletes. Therefore, the task of combat horting coaches is to explain its positive impact on the health and physical development of athletes. The transition from authoritarian group approaches in the physical education of athletes to personally oriented methods of training and education by means of the national professional and applied sport of combat horting is based, first of all, on the individual capabilities of athletes in their abilities.

As practice shows, children with increased motor activity, that is, those who are actively involved in the sports section of combat horting, manage to study in an educational institution better than their peers. In addition, athletes who are actively involved in this sport have increased resistance to colds, and their health is significantly strengthened.

A long period of receiving education turns the institution into the main place of managing the health of athletes. Strengthening and preserving health is our most important task. The leading role in this issue belongs to combat horting, its methods and physical education. Of all the educational disciplines, physical education instills in the athlete a conscious, competent attitude to their body and health; strives to accumulate and develop practical experience.

Effective use of combat horting opportunities in lessons in educational institutions contributes to the physical development of students, improvement of motor skills, and strengthening of health. The coach can help the athlete master the simplest elements of self-defense, tests for self-monitoring of health, teach how to measure, calculate and evaluate individual achievements, and track them. Such a personally-oriented approach to athletes can form motivation for regular combat horting classes.

Monitoring the readiness of athletes in combat horting is one of the most important tasks of the head of the sports section. Monitoring helps to solve a number of complex pedagogical tasks: it reveals the levels of development of conditioning and coordination abilities, allows you to assess the quality of the athlete's physical, technical and tactical readiness.

Based on the test results, it is possible to: compare the preparedness of both individual athletes and entire groups, conduct sports selection for practicing this sport in specialized sports schools, for participation in sports competitions; exercise largely objective control over the training of athletes, identify the advantages and disadvantages of the used means, teaching methods, forms of organizing group and sectional classes in combat horting in educational institutions; substantiate the norms (age, individual) of general physical preparedness.

The tasks of testing combat horting athletes:

to teach athletes themselves to determine the level of personal knowledge and skills in combat horting, their physical fitness and plan the necessary complexes of physical exercises for themselves;

to stimulate athletes to further improve their sports skills, their physical condition (form);

to know their initial level of development of motor abilities, and its change over a certain period of training;

to create a quality control system for the combat horting training process, which takes into account the dynamics of the growth of indicators of the level of physical, technical and tactical fitness of athletes;

the trainer will be able to judge the effectiveness of the training process and general physical education based on the dynamics of the combat horting athlete's fitness level, as well as correct it.

The presence of computer technology allows you to store, accumulate and quickly analyze available sports and methodological information.

Educational institutions use the control standards proposed in the combat horting program, where coaches use summary tables of monitoring results in their work. You can familiarize yourself with them on the official website of the National Combat Horting Federation of Ukraine about the monitoring results for the 2020 academic year, where by the end of the year the level of physical development of athletes increased by 17.4%, which indicates the positive dynamics of the development of combat horting, the effectiveness of its methods.

The results of such testing of athletes allow them to create their own situations of success or failure. Comparing the results, the athlete begins to understand what he is now, and what he would like to become in the future. And this is nothing more than motivation for learning and training, overcoming difficulties and satisfaction with the results achieved.

Several leading scientific institutions of Ukraine are working on the development of combat horting techniques so that as a result of effective education of athletes, Ukrainian society receives worthy members of it, capable of working and developing advanced industries that are useful and necessary for people. It is clear that after graduating from an educational institution, combat horting athletes work in various fields, and therefore it is necessary to create an effective national educational system aimed at developing human potential and improving the health of the population. To implement this system, the national professional and applied sport of Ukraine, combat horting, was introduced as an educational and health-improving system.

The implementation of this system involves the preparation and implementation of combat horting standards by different age groups. But not all the population has the opportunity and desire to participate in the development of combat horting standards, there is weak motivation, lack of material and technical conditions, weak awareness of the need for systematic combat horting classes, insufficient awareness of the population about the introduction of the sport into educational institutions and state law enforcement agencies.

The main problem is insufficient information of the population about the basic methods of training combat horting athletes.

The goal is to increase the level of participants and educational institutions in understanding the importance of combat horting for strengthening and preserving one's own health.

Tasks for combat horting teachers in educational institutions: to identify the level of understanding of the importance of combat horting for strengthening and preserving one's own health; to organize activities to popularize combat horting and create an information environment for educational institutions.

An educational institution can implement the following measures in this regard:

meetings of student and student self-government, educational hours and conversations, parent meetings. Conducting conversations “Combat horting – a national professional and applied sport of Ukraine”, “Combat horting – the path of a Ukrainian warrior”, questionnaires of conversation participants;

monitoring the fitness of combat horting athletes, their physical training. Conducting sports events;

forming a system of incentives for educational institutions for regular classes, successful completion of combat horting tests;

conducting lectures, exhibitions for athletes and their parents, teachers on the topic of combat horting, a healthy and sporty lifestyle;

conducting special weekend events for all participants of combat horting clubs and sections (outings in nature, ice rink, recreation centers, camps, sports complexes, etc.);

conducting advertising campaigns on the Internet, placing outdoor advertising, banner layouts, posters (on the Internet, websites of educational institutions, optional corners, stands in the premises of educational institutions, etc.);

organizing systematic work to ensure the presence of information about the work plans of the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine, events, reports, results of work;

publishing newspapers and magazines on the topic of combat horting in educational institutions.

Summing up: trainers informed all participants in the educational process about conducting popularization work on the introduction of combat horting; interest in systematic combat horting classes, leading a healthy lifestyle has increased; the level of physical fitness of combat horting athletes has increased; over the past few years, the National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine has occupied leading positions among martial arts and martial arts in Ukraine; Using combat horting techniques, physical education teachers and physical education teachers in educational institutions can use the monitoring of the physical fitness of combat horting athletes for themselves.

Conditions for increasing the functional reserves of high school students and students in the process of combat horting

During the period of high school and student age (16–25 years), the growth of the overall body size in length is practically completed and a significant advantage of growth processes in transverse dimensions is noted. The strength of the skeleton, including the spine and chest, increases. Sex differences in the size, proportions of the body, muscle mass, functional reserves and physical performance of boys and girls become more noticeable. The development of the central nervous system is completed, although the excitation process somewhat prevails over the strength of the inhibition process.

To maintain a sufficient level of physical development in schoolchildren and students, training should be carried out at least 2–3 times a week for 1.5–2 hours. Daily morning physical exercise is mandatory. The benchmark for optimal development is the control standards of physical fitness (Table 1).

Table 1

Control indicators of physical fitness of high school students and students engaged in combat horting

Показники	Нормативні значення показника
Показники	Хлопці	Дівчата
1. Біг 3000 м, хв, с	12,50	—
2. Біг 2000 м, хв, с	—	11,0
3. Ходьба 20 км, год, хв	3,45	4,00
4. Підтягування на перекладині, разів	8	—
5. Віджимання від підлоги в упорі лежачи, разів	30	10
6. Стрибок у довжину з місця, м	2,10	1,80
7. Біг 100 м, с	13,50	16,2
8. Кидання гранати, м	35	16
9. Лижна гонка 10 км, хв, с	60	70
10. Велопробіг гонка 30 км, год, хв	80	90

The volume of information assimilation, which has been increasing every year, requires athletes to exert great mental effort and physical effort. In this regard, the successful mastery of academic disciplines depends not only on the desire and abilities of pupils and students, but also on their health and level of physical fitness. Therefore, as stated in the National Doctrine of Education Development, the priority task is to educate a person in the spirit of a responsible attitude to their own health and the health of others as the highest individual and social value.

This is done through the development of physical culture, full medical care, optimization of the educational process, and the creation of an environmentally friendly living space.

Physical culture, performing important functions, is closely related to education, science, health care, culture, and therefore reflects the social and economic life of our society. The importance of physical culture and sports for pupils and students is indicated by the adopted state documents: the Law of Ukraine “On Physical Culture and Sports”, the State Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports, the National Doctrine for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports. The documents state that physical culture is an important factor in a healthy lifestyle, disease prevention, organization of meaningful leisure, formation of humanistic values and creation of conditions for the comprehensive harmonious development of a person.

Taking into account the data on the health status of pupils and students and taking into account age characteristics, it is necessary to pay attention to:

cultivating in them an interest and habit of practicing combat horting;

cultivating a caring attitude towards one’s health;

forming stable motivational guidelines for a healthy lifestyle;

awareness of the need to develop one’s physical abilities and motor skills and abilities;

nurturing moral-volitional and psychological qualities of the personality.

Based on scientific data, the main ways to increase motor activity and develop motor skills and abilities in athletes in combat horting classes and physical education lessons are:

the use of educational and entertaining games;

competitions that will help activate athletes for the purpose of rivalry and self-affirmation in the team;

the use of non-standard lessons and combat horting classes;

the use of functional music (musical accompaniment helps athletes to perform the proposed tasks more actively, with emotional uplift).

In schoolchildren and students, motor activity is usually spontaneous, unorganized, and usually represents periodic, repeating short segments. For example, through direct observation, it was noticed that motor activity in boys and girls of this age is predominantly periodic in nature.

Senior school and student age is a period of completion of growth of the body and individual parts, increase in functional reserves, harmonious restructuring associated with puberty is completed, the central nervous system becomes more balanced. Young men of this age begin to visit the gym to increase muscle mass, girls begin to monitor their figure.

The increase in the number of cardiovascular disorders among students is one of the characteristic features of the present. First of all, they are caused by information overload, stressful situations and hypodynamia. The leading among these factors in young people is a decrease in the level of motor activity. In this regard, some students and students cannot perform physical activity during combat horting training provided for by the curriculum.

At the same time, pronounced hypodynamia causes a decrease in the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system, dysfunction of the vegetative parts of the nervous system, as a result of which the cardiovascular system even at rest does not function effectively. There are many available methods and indices to assess the condition and functioning of the cardiovascular system, and the main ones are:

Robinson Index;

Martine-Kushelevsky Test;

Harvard Step Test;

Curdo Index.

According to the joint Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated 20.07.2009 No. 518/674, the method of conducting the Rufier functional test is recommended for assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular system of children and youth and determining their suitability for physical education classes.

However, it should be noted that the attitude to the Rufier test as a criterion of "health" is ambiguous, both among teachers and among doctors. When assessing the Rufier index, it is necessary to take into account the method of conducting the test and the age of students. The interpretation of the Rufier test should be carried out taking into account the "age dynamics of the pulse". With decreasing age, the value of the index increases. For boys, the age correction of the index is proposed to be greater than for girls.

In the practice of combat horting, the Ruffier index is determined as follows: the athlete, who is lying down for 5 minutes, has his pulse counted for 15 seconds (P1). Then he is asked to do 30 sit-ups in 45 seconds (squatting - hands forward, standing up - down). After that, the subject lies down and his pulse is counted for the first 15 seconds (P2), and the last 15 seconds (P3) of the first minute after the load. The obtained results are substituted into the formula:

Ruffier index = (4(P1 + P2 + P3) - 200):10

The levels of functional reserve of the heart are determined taking into account five gradations:

less than 0.1 - high level (athletic heart);

0.1–5.0 - very good level;

5.1–10.0 - good;

10.1–15.0 - moderate heart failure;

15.1–20.0 – high-grade heart failure.

The problem of preserving and strengthening individual human health is being studied today at all levels of healthcare systems, education, social services, etc. In various methods, contradictions underlying the problem have been identified. They are conventionally divided into groups of contradictions related to the level of physical, socio-psychological and spiritual well-being of a person.

These contradictions reflect, mainly, the external side of his life and are only a consequence (form of manifestation) of deeper internal, socio-economic, political and, as a result, personal processes, which constitute the essence of the problem of the development of today's society, education and, in particular, the health of a combat horting athlete. From the standpoint of social pedagogy, the problem is currently obviously caused by the gap (discrepancy) between the sharply increased political, material, and spiritual capabilities (prerequisites of will) and the level of basic culture of people.

However, for a combat horting athlete, the culture of health is the main component of the basic culture, the system of his individual health and the level of personal development. The National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine has made an attempt to summarize the results of socio-pedagogical developments on this problem based on a systemic approach, to present the process of preserving and strengthening the health of athletes in the form of an open, self-organizing system.

The system of preserving and strengthening the individual health of a combat horting athlete is considered as a single whole of the culture of health and his lifestyle. With such a formulation, the problem of the culture of health is defined as the controlling (determining at this stage of time) part, and the lifestyle is the controlled part of the system. Both parts of the system are also interconnected and united with the natural and socio-cultural environment. The environment sets, forms and approves the criteria for optimal management and correction of the system (criteria for the effectiveness of its vital activity).

The content of the culture of health, in relation to combat horting, has a pronounced educational orientation and is considered as one of the main characteristics of the optimization of educational and training activities. This is actualized by the following conditions. The achievement of the so-called "practical health" as the average statistical norm (average between illness and health) of the vital activity of a human organism of a certain age in specific conditions of existence at the moment cannot be considered satisfactory.

Research in recent decades has convinced us that the norm of human health should be considered the state of vitality and homeostasis of a particular individual at the age of 20–30 years in optimal conditions of existence. Such a state is short-lived, but in this state the probability of illness and death of the organism is minimal. Later, the homeostasis of the human body, as a rule, as a result of aging deviates from this norm. Aging, in turn, is accompanied by the occurrence of chronic diseases that reduce the level of vital activity of the organism.

In turn, the health culture of a combat horting athlete should consciously orient him towards "ideal" individual health, towards such a lifestyle and state of the environment in order to preserve it for a sufficiently long time, and preferably for a lifetime.

The content of the culture of health for a combat horting athlete in terms of educational and educational activities should be based on and uphold the priority importance of the athlete's creative activity, humanity and spirituality in overcoming diseases and in the formation of his health system.

At the same time, the possibility and expediency of self-improvement, self-creation, self-healing are recognized and accepted as a guide: the athlete is able to help himself by forming and using training loads, hygienic skills and abilities, perception of the positive aspects of life, co-creation of all other people in creating the health of this athlete. After all, the content of the culture of health (in the educational aspect) assumes a person's life in harmony with the environment, the combination of the ideals of Truth, Goodness and Beauty, the combination of research, educational and artistic principles.

Today, one of the leading elements of the content of the health culture of a combat horting athlete is the conscious understanding and acceptance as a principle of the condition of sufficiency (as in medicine - do no harm) and not only to oneself, but also to others, nature. The level of culture of a combat horting athlete is determined by the extent to which he is aware of this. The lack of culture of each and all together is the main cause of medical and socio-ecological problems, intensive pollution of the natural and socio-cultural environment.

Let us emphasize that in Ukraine, a holistic concept of the system of preserving and strengthening health has not been finalized. Instead, the content of the health culture of a combat horting athlete assumes the instillation, in particular, of practical knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to the development of valeological and ecological competence and, as a result, stereotypes of behavior and lifestyle (the controlled part of the system), which ensures an adequate level of health for a long time.

Thus, in its content, the health culture of a combat horting athlete is a component of the basic culture (on the one hand), and the result of the development of the physical, biological, socio-psychological and spiritual components of the athlete as a whole and his formation as a person (on the other hand). Such content to a certain extent determines the content and, as a result, the athlete's lifestyle, which are manifested in the individual's acceptance of subjective life values, specific needs, motives, goals, knowledge, skills, abilities of behavior and activity, norms and principles of activity, semantic searches, which are directly related to the lifestyle, personal health and the state of the environment.

The structure of the health culture of a combat horting athlete can be represented by its criteria, parameters and factors, as well as their relationships as subsystems of the entire health system. The most general criterion of effectiveness is the success of life, the ability to actively create life and subjective satisfaction with life. Specific and quantitatively assessed criteria can be, for example, the dynamics of life values, the level of communication, sociability, social responsibility, ecological and valeological competence, the level of somatic health, etc.

Thus, combat horting helps to strengthen the health of athletes and has a positive effect on their motor regime and activity.

Youth is the age of maturity, when the functional capabilities of the body are approaching fairly high indicators, when in the context of a conversation about health, a person must be physically prepared to solve the main social and everyday tasks: to work highly productively, to fulfill his duty to protect himself and his loved ones (boy), although we note that at the age of 18 he is not yet fully ready to solve this task, and to give birth to strong healthy children (girl).

The physical education of boys and girls now has a gender differentiation, which is due to their biological and social differences. Over the life of an entire generation, the intensification of mental work of young people has sharply increased against the background of a decrease in the level of motor activity, which in turn has led to a mismatch between the intellectual and psychophysical potential of the human body.

The tendency to worsen the health of young people, a decrease in the level of their motor competencies is observed almost everywhere. One of the reasons for this situation is that the majority of the younger generation, schoolchildren and students, do not engage in physical culture and sports anywhere except in educational institutions where they study, which is clearly not enough to meet the requirements of the necessary daily physical activity.

It is necessary to increase the physical activity of young people in order to stop the process of developing hypodynamia and eliminate many causes of diseases. At the same time, it is necessary to create conditions for satisfying the biological need of schoolchildren and students in physical activity, to achieve a high level of physical fitness, as well as to form a stable motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

The use of traditional approaches to organizing combat horting classes currently does not have the proper impact on the desire of young people for physical activity, combat horting classes and constant self-improvement. Mass computerization of educational institutions forms the expediency of work in this direction, which requires: deep and versatile research of the educational process in the discipline "Physical Education" in higher education institutions, taking into account the purposefulness and effectiveness of the implementation of information technologies; detailed development of specific methods and the creation of a fundamentally new model of the entire teaching process of this discipline.

In today's conditions, trends in the development of education suggest the transition of management of the educational process to a new technological level, which involves the use of information technologies, and is an indispensable condition for improving the quality of education.

Thus, the current problem today is the optimization of the formation of motor competencies of the youth contingent using various forms and methods of organizing the educational process in physical education. Motor competencies should be valeologically oriented, that is, those that adhere to the health-improving principle in organizing and conducting classes with the younger generation.

The main tasks of forming the motor competencies of young people in this context are to:

provide young people with knowledge and form motivations for maintaining a healthy lifestyle;

form a stable habit of daily combat horting classes, using various rational forms;

conduct systematic physical training in combat horting with a health or sports orientation;

inform young people about the main values of combat horting;

carry out diagnostics and correction of the formation of motor competencies of young people in the process of combat horting classes in educational institutions.

Thus, as a result of the information provided, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The motor competence of combat horting athletes consists in the formation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in students aimed at mastering combat horting techniques, harmonization of physical and mental activity, which allows, in aggregate, to purposefully and integratively form a healthy lifestyle in young people as a basic component of health safety and productive learning in educational institutions.

2. Increasing the motivation of athletes to form motor competencies largely depends on the form and content of combat horting training classes, as well as the use of popular types of motor activity and information technologies.

The National Federation of Combat Horting of Ukraine is working to ensure the motor activity of students and attract young people to combat horting classes and leading a healthy lifestyle.

"Horting Encyclopedia"

Eduard Yeromenko