Horting in a secondary school | WORLD HORTING FEDERATION

Combat horting is a lifestyle, and life is a constant struggle. Throughout life, a person is involved in the struggle to achieve their goals. Thus, combat horting, from any point of view, is a way to overcome the most difficult periods of life. And as a sport, combat horting teaches the ability to protect yourself and your loved ones, tempers not only physically, but also morally.

Since 2020, combat horting sections have been operating in educational institutions. During the development period, more than 100 athletes have been trained, and will become in the future, the titles of “Master of Sports of Ukraine” and “Master of Sports of Ukraine of international class”, more than 500 athletes have been awarded the titles of “Candidate for Master of Sports of Ukraine” and 1st adult category.

Among the achievements are champions and prize-winners of the world and European championships, winners and prize-winners of the Ukrainian championships, champions and prize-winners of the championships of Kyiv, various regions of Ukraine, as well as prize-winners of various all-Ukrainian and international tournaments among young men, cadets, juniors, youth and adults.

No one counted how many athletes were involved in the sections during this period. During this time, the sections were led by local specialists, athletes of clubs and sections who themselves grew up in them. A very large number of young men, having finished their studies in the sections, served in the elite troops of Ukraine - airborne assault troops, special forces and marines, other units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

In this regard, an innovation was included in the program of higher education institutions, namely: starting from the 1st year, classes in combat horting were introduced. “Combat horting” is the name of the general section, it included simulation exercises, techniques with strikes and throws. The word of the coach is of great importance in the formation of a conscious attitude to combat horting. When talking to athletes, coaches try to give a complete idea of why combat horting is needed, what it develops, what it educates.

Specialized combat horting halls have even appeared in some educational institutions. A special combat horting hall allows students to conduct classes according to a program that includes special combat horting exercises: the ability to fall correctly, master acrobatic elements, as well as throws in a standing and lying position, the ability to use them on a sports horting and in extreme life situations.

Coaches - leaders of sports sections and clubs try to select exercises for classes with athletes of different age groups so that interest in this sport does not fade away, but on the contrary only grows. For example, in educational institutions, emphasis is placed on games that contain elements of combat horting: “rugby on the knees”, “catch-up”, “elephant”, and other games that develop strength, endurance, flexibility, speed of thinking, will, and determination to win. Attention is also paid to the development of agility and coordination skills, constantly increasing the load to the maximum capabilities of athletes.

The combat horting hall in an educational institution can be equipped with rooms where various simulators are installed, including those that the boys make themselves, under the guidance of a physical education teacher and trainer. Combat horting classes in lessons allow boys and girls to have a clear idea of what kind of sport they should do, and whether combat horting is suitable for them? Even those of them who, without making this choice, do not do this sport, have the opportunity to learn and improve combat horting skills during physical education classes throughout their studies at an educational institution.

It has become a tradition to hold an open championship of the club, district, city in combat horting among boys and girls in the sports hall of an educational institution. Every coach hopes that combat horting classes did not pass without a trace for the athletes. Proof of this is the fact that in recent years alone many boys and girls have entered higher education institutions to study at the faculties of physical education and sports, which is another proof of the right path chosen. This innovation of combat horting allows us to maintain the traditions of an educational institution, a certain district, to raise future defenders of Ukraine, strong physically and morally, confident in their abilities, ready to stand up for themselves and their families in any life situations.

The strategy for the development of combat horting as a national sport of Ukraine for the period until 2020 indicates the need to modernize physical and moral education, psychological hardening of athletes using combat horting and develop it as a sport and educational system in educational institutions, as well as create conditions and incentives for expanding the network of children's and youth clubs, sections, and sports clubs for combat horting operating on the basis of educational institutions.

In this regard, one of the areas of research in the field of physical education of athletes is the search and justification of technologies and methods of combat horting, based on sports-oriented forms of organization of physical education, expanding the integration of sports and physical culture tools in the holistic process of education and development of pupils, students and cadets, issues that are addressed by well-known scientists of our country S. M. Badyora, I. D. Bekh, V. R. Bila, V. L. Hryshchuk, Z. M. Dikhtyarenko, Zh. V. Petrochko, M. V. Tymchyk, T. E. Fedorchenko, V. V. Chmelyuk.

There are also scientific and methodological developments and recommendations on the inclusion of elements of combat horting as a variable part of the curriculum of physical culture in secondary education institutions. In youth, the problem of self-affirmation, self-presentation in certain social groups is especially relevant. Often this self-affirmation takes ugly forms. Youth and teenage crime and drug addiction are only part of this problem. The internal need to stand out, attract attention, and occupy one's social niche is sometimes stronger than moral norms.

Moreover, at this age it is very difficult to see the prospects and consequences of personal actions. In addition, the formation of the psyche is associated with high emotionality, frequent changes and extremes of moods. The philosophy of combat horting is associated with many areas of personality development, instills in the athlete high moral standards and ideals, cultivates willpower, the desire for victory, and leadership qualities. An internal hardening of character occurs, so a person who is engaged in combat horting is unlikely to ever take drugs or become a criminal.

Combat horting is included in the programs of educational institutions, since the laws in force in Ukraine give everyone the right to actively protect themselves from criminal encroachments. Therefore, everyone urgently needs a minimum of knowledge of self-defense techniques and the ability to apply them in order to protect themselves and their loved ones, as well as those who may need this help, if necessary. Combat horting does not teach an athlete to fight other people - it teaches to effectively fight their shortcomings, their inner fears. And by defeating them - the athlete releases inner strength in himself. This strength sweeps away doubts and complexes, makes one appreciate human moral qualities in others, and in himself first of all.

Methodology of teaching combat horting in physical education lessons at school

In educational methods, school age is considered the most difficult and complex of all age groups, which represents a period of personality formation. At the same time, it is the most responsible period, since the foundations of morality are laid here, social attitudes are formed, and the student's personal attitude towards himself, people, and society is formed. In addition, at this age, character traits and basic forms of interpersonal behavior are stabilized. The main motivational lines of this age period, which are associated with an active desire for personal self-improvement, are self-knowledge, self-expression and self-affirmation.

According to the combat horting methodology, the following age-related characteristics of a schoolchild are distinguished:

the need for a worthy position in a group of peers, in the family;

increased fatigue during training;

the desire to acquire a loyal friend;

the desire to avoid isolation, both in the classroom and in a small group;

increased interest in the issue of the "balance of power" in the classroom and the combat horting section;

the desire to distance oneself from everything emphatically childish;

lack of age authority;

aversion to unreasonable prohibitions;

susceptibility to mistakes by coaches and teachers;

overestimation of one's sports capabilities, the implementation of which is expected in the distant future;

lack of adaptation to failures;

lack of adaptation to the position of "worst";

tendency to indulge in dreams and fear of desecrating dreams;

pronounced emotionality;

demandingness to match words with deeds;

increased interest in combat horting as a sport that he chose himself;

passion for computers, telephones, collecting, passion for music and cinema.

It should be added that schoolchildren who have learned the techniques of combat horting are sometimes belligerent, can show elements of cruelty and aggression, can fall under the influence of others, get into street criminal groups, that is, are prone to addictions and information, which the coach should think about in advance. At this age, elements of destructive behavior appear (craving for smoking, theft, deception, etc.).

Schoolchildren are sometimes undisciplined, energetic, anxious, very active, especially show activity when performing group, public assignments, when cleaning the training hall, office, school territory, which indicates high physiological energy, although this activity can give way to fatigue.

The desire to keep secrets and secrets in them coexists with the inability to keep these secrets and secrets from others, and therefore schoolchildren often gossip about each other, begin to give each other typical nicknames, which are kept by them until they graduate from secondary education.

Many school-age combat horting athletes have an inflated self-esteem of their abilities (“I can do everything myself”), selfish self-assertion, in which the combat horting athlete rejoices if a classmate is in trouble, if a classmate is humiliated or less successful than him. School-age combat horting athletes are very vulnerable and vulnerable. They like to show off things, objects, outfits that only they have, but the rest of their comrades do not have.

Now we also observe how among schoolchildren there is a division into groups into schoolchildren of wealthy parents and schoolchildren from low-income families (this is especially clearly manifested in cities), material and financial wealth is put in the first place, and not sports successes in combat horting or knowledge. The formation of “small groups” is quite active in youth.

We cannot fail to mention the issue of relationships between athletes, coaches and teachers. The position of a coach or teacher in itself does not guarantee respectful treatment from schoolchildren, and the mentor must possess certain qualities and behave in a certain way in order to earn respect. Their attitude towards him during further training in a combat horting club or education in an educational institution depends on how the combat horting teacher can show himself when working with schoolchildren.

Rigor is necessary, but it should be combined with perseverance, politeness and interest in presenting new material. In this case, the coach will be useful to have good sports form, a high level of knowledge of combat horting techniques, because some students at this age respect strength.

School age is a period of rapid growth and development of the body of a combat horting athlete. The discrepancy between the rapid growth of tubular bones and the relatively slow development of muscles further enhances the impression of awkwardness and simplicity. These features of physical development leave their mark on the entire external behavior and the nature of the movements of the schoolchild.

A combat horting athlete can arbitrarily control his movements and the inconvenience caused by the above features of his development is corrected by upbringing. Therefore, training in combat horting and general physical education of the schoolchild should be given great importance.

There is also an increase in muscle strength. In senior school age, the strength and endurance of the muscles of a combat horting athlete increase. There is an increased growth of muscles, which continues in subsequent years. The muscles (especially boys) become stronger. The structure of the muscles changes little, in senior school age there is only an increased growth in the diameter of the muscle fibers. Sometimes an athlete is capable of great and prolonged stress, can conduct long-term training work, which, it would seem, does not correspond to his strength. This happens in cases where the athlete has a great interest in combat horting, then working on techniques or physical activity causes him to feel uplifted and enthusiastic, and he does not notice either fatigue or time.

At this age, complex coordination techniques of combat horting, effective punch-throw combinations, complex movements are learned and improved quite quickly, training and self-teaching of specific sports movements are especially effective. In particular, a combat horting athlete easily masters additional sports: cycling, skiing, skating, quickly learns complex jumps, elements of sports games, coordination of movements during swimming.

It should be taken into account that if at this age special attention is not paid to the development of dexterity, plasticity and correctness of techniques, then in the next period, it is usually more difficult to master them, and the awkwardness and clumsiness of movements inherent in the student can be preserved for life. A significant factor in the physical development of a schoolboy is the fact that puberty occurs at this age, the beginning of the functioning of the gonads, which affects the work of internal organs, the activity of the brain and heart, and causes external changes in the form of secondary sexual characteristics.

In accordance with the socio-economic needs of modern society in its further development, and based on the essence of general secondary education, the purpose of introducing combat horting into the system of physical education of schoolchildren is to promote comprehensive personality development. The installation on the comprehensive development of the personality by the means of combat horting involves the mastering by athletes of the basics of physical culture and special exercises from combat horting, the additions of which are: good health, good physical development, the optimal level of motor abilities, knowledge and skills in the sports field of combat horting, motives and methods (ability) to carry out physical culture and health activities.

Achieving this goal is ensured by solving the following main tasks:

strengthening health and promoting normal physical development;

teaching vital motor skills and skills;

development of motor (conditioning and coordination) abilities to perform special exercises in combat horting;

acquiring the necessary knowledge in the field of general physical culture and sports;

education of the need and ability to independently engage in combat horting, to consciously use its means for the purposes of active recreation, training and increasing work capacity;

acquiring self-defense skills;

education of moral and volitional qualities, normalization of mental processes and properties of a combat horting athlete.

Methodical developments for conducting physical education lessons with elements of combat horting

Methodical development for conducting a combat horting lesson in a general secondary education institution. Warm-up exercises on the spot. Roll forward without bending the legs. Self-safety: falling forward with support on the hands. Pain technique: elbow lever through the thigh. Conversation on the topic "Methods of strength development". Throwing out of balance with a jerk with a grab of the arm and neck. Techniques of self-defense: release from grabbing the hand with the hand.

1. Warm-up exercises in place are usually performed after exercises in motion. When the group of practicing athletes is large and the training room is not spacious enough, only on-site exercises are performed.

Examples of exercises

1. Walking on the spot with a high hip lift.

2. Running in place with acceleration (at the teacher's signal).

3. Running with the heels of the buttocks.

4. Jumps with a turn of 180º (360º) on two legs and on one leg.

5. Swing your leg forward, backward, sideways (with maximum amplitude).

6. Squats with a partner on the shoulders.

7. Lean forward without bending your legs, touch the greyhound (ground, floor) with your hands.

8. From a kneeling position, sit on the buttocks to the left and right.

9. From a kneeling position, bend over, reaching the back of the greyhound.

10. From the position of lying on your back, lifting your legs, reach the greyhound behind the head with your toes forward, back, to the sides.

2. In addition to the above exercises, in the combat horting lesson, they learn to roll forward with straight legs. Students are given the task to perform a normal forward roll, but without bending the legs. You can also ask the athletes to first perform a flip without bending the legs from the position of the feet apart (shoulder-width apart), then perform a forward flip from the position of the feet together. After rolling over on your back, your legs should be bent to stand up.

3. Self-insurance: falling forward with support on the hands.

Sequence of exercises

1. In the prone position, bending and extending the arms.

2. In the prone position, bending and extending the arms on the fingers.

3. From a kneeling position, hands back - fall forward, bending with support on the hands.

4. From a standing position, legs wide apart - fall forward with support on the hands. When falling, athletes should not touch the greyhound's chest, while it is necessary to bend their arms, absorbing the impact. Falling on straightened arms is prohibited. The torso should be kept straight.

4. Wrestling techniques in the ground (lying): elbow lever through the thigh. Favorable conditions: the reception is performed after performing a side hold (the student is on the side). Performing the reception: grab the attacked forearm and press it to the thigh of the leg lying on the greyhound so that the shoulder rests on the thigh, the forearm drops to the greyhound between the legs. Smoothly extend the arm until the signal is given (voice, claps on the horting with the other hand), if the combat horting athlete does not have enough strength in one hand to push off the opponent's hand, he should help with his hip, increase pressure on the forearm of the hand that needs to be extended.

5. Conversation on the topic: "Methods of developing strength".

By strength we understand the ability to perform movements, overcome any forces or resist them with the help of muscle tension. There are two main methods of developing strength: using dynamic exercises; using static exercises.

Dynamic exercises are performed by overcoming gravity, the resistance of a partner, etc. They are characterized by relatively small loads (performed until fatigue appears, "until failure", large loads are performed 1–3 times also until fatigue appears; after a short rest, 2–3 minutes, the exercises are repeated), alternating loads. First, exercises are performed with a small load, then with an average and maximum load. There may be another sequence. For example, exercises are performed with maximum load (1–2 times), then with less, but with a large number of repetitions.

Static exercises consist in counteracting any forces for a certain time. The combat horting athlete takes a certain pose (angle, height, emphasis, etc.) and holds it for a certain time or seeks to lift the weight above his capabilities. The athlete's position and weighting should cause contraction of certain muscles.

The main means of developing strength include exercises with shells (barbell, kettlebells, dumbbells, etc.) and weighting with his own weight (or the weight of a partner).

6. Combat horting techniques in a standing position: taking off balance with a jerk with a grip of the arm and neck. Favorable conditions: the opponent moves his legs incorrectly or takes a low stance (crosses his legs, places one leg far away, places his legs very wide apart, widely spreads his shoulders relative to the plane of the pelvis, transfers his body weight to one leg, leans on the attacker with his hands).

Performing the technique: the attacking athlete transfers the opponent's weight to one leg with a jerk by the arm. Turning in the direction of the jerk, the attacking athlete pushes his shoulder into the opponent's neck, forcing him to fall with him (twisting around the longitudinal axis).

7. Self-defense techniques: release from grabbing the hand with one hand.

1). From grabbing the wrist of the opposite hand with one hand. The release is performed by jerking inside the attacker's thumb. First, the hand should be rotated in such a way that the radius bone is in the gap between the thumb and other fingers of the opponent's hand.

2). From grabbing the wrist of the same hand with one hand. It is performed by jerking outwards towards the thumb to the place where it connects with the other fingers. The principle of release is the same as in the first case, only the direction of the jerk and rotation of the hand changes.

Methodical development of a combat horting lesson - studying throwing techniques

Sequence of exercises

Warm-up exercises in motion.

Acrobatic exercises - forward somersaults.

Self-insurance when falling on your side.

Throw with a back foot.

Coupling with a hand grip.

Exercises for developing strength with a partner.

Warm-up exercises in motion allow you to improve the methods of moving on the horting and at the same time prepare the body for the load.

Examples of exercises

1. Walking on toes, on heels, with toes in, with toes out, on the inner and outer sides of the foot, in a half-squat, in a full squat.

2. Running with your back forward, sideways forward (with side steps, with legs crossed), squatting.

3. Jumping on two legs, on one leg, with a 180º and 360º turn in the air.

4. Walking with arms rotating forward and backward.

5. Walking with body turns.

6. Alternating jumping and running.

Acrobatic exercises - forward flips. The forward roll from the seat is performed as follows: putting your feet together and squatting, without spreading your knees, strongly bend your back and place your palms on the greyhound. Having slightly raised the pelvis, touch the greyhound with the back of the head and, pushing off with the toes, roll forward on the back without stretching. Bend your legs when rolling on your back. Grasp the shins with your hands and press your heels to your buttocks.

The study of self-belaying when falling on the side begins with the athletes mastering the final position (grouping) in which they should arrive at the end of the throw. When the grouping is learned, it is necessary to learn to quickly come into the position of the grouping from the lying position. Combat horting athletes clap with one hand on the hound and pull their legs up to their chests. At the same time, the leg, which has the same name as the hand that is clapping, should be bent and placed next to the hand. Put the other leg approximately at the level of the middle of the shin of the lying leg.

Rear footrest under exposed leg

Favorable conditions:

the opponent puts his leg forward and pulls the attacker;

the opponent stands on the attacking leg.

Preparation. With a sharp jerk, force the opponent to transfer the weight to the attacking leg, to maintain balance, he leans back and reduces stability in the direction of the throw.

Reception. The attacker puts his foot behind, between the opponent's legs, resting on his hamstring with his hamstring. Straightening his leg and pushing it away from the greyhound, the attacking sportsman of combat horting bends the near leg of the opponent and grabs him forward and to the side. When the opponent falls on his back, it is necessary to take a step forward with the other leg, support him and soften the fall.

Hand grab coup

Favorable conditions: the opponent is squatting, with his arms slightly apart.

Reception. Stand on the side of your partner on one knee (closer to his feet), grab his far shoulder with both hands. Pulling your hands to yourself and pushing your shoulder towards the opponent, turn him onto his back.

Exercises with a partner to develop strength

1. Angle in a stop (straight legs are raised above the surface of the greyhound at an angle of 30º).

2. Holding and carrying the partner in the arms.

3. Carrying the partner on the hip (on one then on the other).

4. Twists of the torso in an incline with a partner lying on the shoulders.

5. Squats with a partner sitting (standing) on the shoulders.

6. Bending and unbending the hands while standing in front of the partner (in a mutual grip - rest with the palms).

The plan for conducting an extracurricular event on combat horting

1. The group is divided into two levels according to team strength.

2. Each team has its own name and motto.

3. Refereeing is carried out by the teacher and his assistant.

4. Each stage of the competition has its own name.

5. 3 points are awarded for each stage win, 2 points for a draw, and 1 point for a loss.

Stages

1. "Knowledge" - the teams are simultaneously asked questions on the theory, methodology and sports practice of combat horting (the history of combat horting, etiquette, competition rules, refereeing, first aid, injuries, hygiene, etc.). Teams must give the correct answer to each question within 3 minutes. The team that answered the most questions wins.

2. "Strength" - each member of the team bends and unbends the maximum number of times while lying down, the result is summed up. The team that made the most repetitions wins.

3. "Speed" - each member of the team takes part in a relay with the inclusion of acrobatic elements of combat horting (flips forward, backward, flips to the side, etc.). The team with the shortest time wins.

4. "Flexibility" - the team members take a sitting position with the emphasis on the elbows facing each other, the legs are raised above the greyhound at an angle of 30º. The team whose member is the last to keep his feet wins.

5. "Rugby on the knees" - 5 people from each team take part in the game. Moving along the hound on their knees and passing the ball to each other, athletes of combat hounding try to bring it into the "home" of the opponent. The team that makes the most "skids" wins.

6. “Throw” – the whole team takes part. Participants are divided into pairs. In the allotted time, you need to make the most throws from the “standing” position. The team that made the most throws wins.

7. “Pew to bench” – the whole team takes part. A draw is made. A member of each team fights in a “standing” position with a member of the other team until the first throw. The team that won the most fights wins.

The team that scored the most points at all stages wins the competition.

This game with elements of combat horting increases interest in training and preparing athletes, and also allows beginners to be involved in combat horting.

Application of combat horting training methods in teaching safe falling

This development presents the methodological principles of teaching safe falling, a lesson plan for teaching self-insurance in physical education lessons when studying special acrobatics of combat horting, and an approximate plan-synopsis of a physical education lesson in a secondary school on the topic "Combat horting".

It is no secret that the level of physical fitness of modern athletes, despite the measures taken to develop physical culture and sports, and the modernization of physical education, remains low. In times of general computerization and progress, good living conditions, and diverse and nutritious nutrition, there is a clear lack of physical activity. Therefore, athletes need to perform more versatile physical exercises.

It is known that combat horting, based on the age-old traditions of the people, is a natural need for athletes in martial arts. Combat horting classes are considered by experts as one of the excellent means of physical training for athletes. It is impossible not to take into account the fact that combat horting has become a national professional and applied sport of Ukraine and has gained considerable popularity among our youth.

Now in Ukraine, athletes successfully pass standards in combat horting of various degrees. One of the mandatory tests is a demonstration of the ability to use combat horting techniques as a means of self-defense. Nothing prevents us from reviving in our children the ability to stand up for themselves and their loved ones.

Self-defense skills and abilities with elements of combat horting, especially the technique of safe falling, are necessary for athletes. In various physical education curricula, a section dedicated to combat horting is studied, but in the opinion of experienced specialists, these elements of self-defense should be included in school lessons much earlier.

Physical education curricula at school include the study of acrobatic exercises: various rolls, forward and backward somersaults, stands, gymnastic, wrestling bridge. Why not, while motor skills are not forgotten, starting from the 1st grade, allocate some time to forming a stable skill of safe falling forward, sideways, backward, and already in the senior years to study various techniques: release from grips, protection from blows with hands and feet, throwing techniques, protection from cold weapons.

At the same time, safe falling skills will protect athletes from injuries when falling on the street, during various games, when roller skating in the summer, skiing and skating in the winter, as well as during classes in sports sections on combat horting. This needs to be done annually, so knowledge alone is not enough to apply them in an unexpected situation - a stable motor skill is needed, which is developed by repeated repetitions.

Based on the principle of transitioning from learning simple self-insurance methods to more complex ones, the sequence of learning safe fall methods can be as follows:

learning forward and backward somersaults, learning back and side falls;

learning shoulder somersaults;

learning somersaults over a partner who is standing with a kneeling position (squatting);

learning ways to safely fall onto the stomach;

learning somersaults over a partner who is standing with a kneeling position (squatting);

learning falling on the back with a jump and while moving;

learning rotations in the air while holding a partner's hand;

learning safe falls with objects in their hands.

Of course, it is difficult to fit in the allotted 45 minutes of a physical education lesson and a certain material and technical base is required for conducting such classes. But many acrobatic elements are completely independent self-insurance techniques or are part of such a technique. And even professional combat horting athletes constantly use acrobatic elements in their training to improve agility and coordination abilities.

At the same time, no expensive equipment is required: a gymnastic track made of gymnastic mats or a non-standard horting (platform) measuring from 6×6 to 12×12 m is quite enough, which can be assembled from the same gymnastic mats, gluing them to the floor with double-sided tape and tying them around the perimeter with wide ribbon or single-sided tape.

Another way: using long slats with a cross section of 3×4 cm, fasten the folded gymnastic mats around the perimeter with them, using self-tapping screws to screw the slats to the floor. Moreover, this can be done quite quickly, using, for example, an electric screwdriver. If the game room of an educational institution is used for classes, the methods of falling can be carried out on separate mats without the use of technical means.

Teaching methods of safe falling

Starting to learn and talking about the methods of safe falling, the teacher emphasizes the attention of combat horting athletes that when falling on the back and side, one should not panic - one should group, pressing the head to the chest, and make a strong clap with the hands or arm (when falling on the side). Self-insurance consists in timely grouping and tensing the muscles of the body when falling on the back and side. This position protects the body from the blow, which is absolutely inevitable when falling flat. For greater self-insurance when falling on the back or side, it is necessary to use palm strikes on the horting and rolling in the direction of the fall.

Blows when falling on the side with one hand, and when falling on the back - with both hands, due to the fact that they are made with an outstretched tense hand before the body touches the greyhound, take on the entire burden of the force of the blow. With such hand protection, the body falls easily and painlessly. This is very important especially for the head, since when falling it can be in a tilted back position, under the threat of a blow to the back of the head. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the fact that when falling on the back and on the side, you need to group so that the head does not hit the surface of the greyhound when falling, on which the fall is made. To do this, the chin is pressed to the chest when falling back, and when falling on the side, the head does not tilt down.

The ability to fall without causing injury is acquired in the process of practicing special exercises of combat horting, which should be used according to the principle of increasing complexity.

Before starting to study each way of falling, the teacher introduces the upcoming exercise, explaining the technique of its execution. Then the teacher himself or the best student demonstrates this exercise so that the whole class has a clear idea of its execution.

Studying somersaults

Almost all types of somersaults are special acrobatic exercises that are used in combat horting as self-insurance techniques. They also contribute to the development of agility and coordination skills, help to cultivate courage and determination.

Somersault forward from a place. Somersault forward from a place is performed as follows: putting your feet together and squatting, without spreading your knees, bend your back strongly and place your palms on the horting. Slightly raising your pelvis, touch the back of your head with the horting and, pushing off with your toes and without straightening, do a roll forward on your back. During the roll on your back, bend your legs. Grab your shins with your hands and press your heels to your buttocks.

Back somersault from a place. Back somersault from a place is performed as follows: with your feet together and squatting, without spreading your knees, bend your back strongly and place your palms on the greyhound. Push off with your hands from the floor and at a pace do a back roll on a bent back. During the roll on your back, bend your legs. At the moment of the roll from the shoulder blades to the head, place the palms of both hands near the ears and, slightly pushing off on your hands, facilitate the roll over the head. Somersault over the shoulder. Stand on your right (left) knee and place your palms on the greyhound. Sliding your palm along the greyhound, pass your right (left) hand between your legs and lower your right (left) shoulder onto the greyhound. At the same time, move your head to the left (right) shoulder, pressing your chin to your chest. Push off with your left (right) leg and do a roll on your back from the right (left) shoulder in the direction of the left (right) buttock. Finish the somersault with a strong blow of the extended left (right) hand to the greyhound and take the position as when falling on the left (right) side.

Somersault over the partner who is standing with a kneeling position (squatting). The partner is squatting. Stand facing him from his right side and grab the greyhound on his back with your right hand. Having made a somersault over the opponent's back, fall into a position on the left side. Similarly, perform a somersault over the partner to the right side. To do this, you need to stand on his left side and grab the greyhound with your left hand.

Somersault in the air, holding onto the partner's hand. With your right hand, grab the partner's right hand by the inside of the wrist. The partner holds the athlete in the same way. Both partners face in the same direction. The combat horting athlete who performs the somersault extends his left hand forward with the palm down through the partner's right hand. Over the joined hands, he makes exactly the same jump as when somersaulting over a stick, and falls to his side. At the moment of falling, the partner must support the falling athlete by the hand with his hands, softening his fall.

Studying a fall on his back

The following stages can be distinguished in the study of a fall on his back:

1) studying the grouping;

2) studying the final position when falling (position of arms, legs, head and torso);

3) studying the safety blow with the hands;

4) studying a fall on his back in general from different positions;

5) studying a fall on his back through a partner who is on his knees and forearms;

6) studying a fall on his back through a partner who is standing in the support while standing on his knees.

Studying the grouping. The study of self-insurance when falling on his back begins with the athletes mastering the final position (grouping) in which they must come at the end of the fall. Sit on the greyhound, picking up your legs and stretching your arms forward, pressing your chin to your chest. Bending your back as much as possible, roll from your buttocks to your shoulder blades and vice versa.

If the grouping is done correctly, the roll will be soft, without jerks. From a full squat position, do the same roll. At the same time, sit on the greyhound as close to your heels as possible. From the main stance, perform a full squat, grab your legs with your hands and roll to your shoulder blades and vice versa to the sitting position on the greyhound.

Studying the position of your hands when falling on your back. Lie with your back on the greyhound, squeeze your legs and press your chin to your chest. Stretch your arms up and make a strong blow to the greyhound with them. At the moment of impact, your arms should be extended and your palms facing down; the angle between your torso and arms is approximately 45–50°.

Studying a safety blow with your hands when falling on your back. Lie down with your back on the greyhound, pull your legs together and press your chin to your chest, as indicated in the previous paragraph. Stretch your arms up and make several strong blows to the greyhound with them. At the same time, your arms should be straight, palms facing down, bending your arms at the elbows is not allowed. The blow to the greyhound is made quite strong, with the entire inner surface of your arms, as if from the shoulder.

Studying falling on your back in general from different positions. Sit on the greyhound and pull your legs together, pressing your chin to your chest and stretching your arms forward. Do a roll on a bent back, without changing the position of the group. Having touched the greyhound with your shoulder blades, hit it with your outstretched arms, as mentioned above. At the moment of the blow with your hands, your head should be raised above the greyhound. Do the same roll on your back, stretching your arms forward and up.

Studying falling on your back from a squatting position. Take a squat position, pressing your chin to your chest and extending your arms forward. From this position, sit on the greyhound as close to your heels as possible and, without stopping the movement, roll onto your back. Finish the fall by hitting the greyhound with your hands.

Learning to fall on your back from the position of the main stance. Stand in the main stance, pressing the chin to the chest and stretching the arms forward. From this position, make a smooth transition to a squat, then sit on the greyhound and, without interrupting the movement, finish it by rolling onto the back with the hands hitting the greyhound.

Learning to fall on your back with a partner standing on your knees and forearms ("low bench" position). The task is performed in pairs. The first number takes the crouch position of the "low bench": sitting on the knees, the pelvis touches the heels, the arms are bent, the elbows rest on the greyhound. The second number sits down so that his hips touch the partner's back, while the pelvis moves down and touches the greyhound. Squatting and pressing the chin strongly to the chest, roll backwards on the back of the partner and fall on the back, making a strong blow with the hands on the greyhound.

Learning to fall on your back through a partner who is standing in a stop while standing on your knees (the "high bench" position). The same exercise is performed from a standing position while standing on the knees ("high bench").

Learning to fall on your back with a jump. Take a squat position, pressing the chin to the chest, extending the arms forward with the palms down. Jumping slightly up and back, throw your legs up and quickly hit the greyhound with your hands. The hands should touch the greyhound first, followed by the shoulder blades. Then you should gently roll on your back from the shoulder blades. During the entire fall, the head is tilted forward, the chin is pressed to the chest, the legs are together, the knees are half-bent.

Study of falls during movement. All back falls are done when the faller rears up. All forward falls are done first with forward movement with a step, and then with a small run.

Learning to fall on your side

In the process of studying falling on the side, the following stages can be distinguished:

1) studying the final position when falling on the side (position of arms, legs, head and torso);

2) study of rolling to the side;

3) study of the safety stroke with the hand;

4) study of rolling from one side to another;

5) study of falling on the side from different positions;

6) learning to fall on the side through a partner who is standing in a stop while standing on his knees.

Studying the final position when falling on the side. Lie on your right side. Bend the right leg at the knee and pull it up to the chest, put the left leg on the greyhound near the right shin. Bend the body forward, pressing the chin to the chest. Raise the left knee as high as possible, put the right knee on the greyhound. Put your straight right hand on the greyhound with the palm down at an angle of 45–50° in relation to the body, and raise your left hand up. It is necessary to learn to quickly and accurately take such a final position when falling on the right side, and a similar one - on the left.

Learning to roll onto the side. Sit on the greyhound, picking up your legs and pressing your chin to your chest, bend your back, stretch your arms forward. Transfer the weight of the body to the right buttock and roll to the right side from the buttock to the shoulder blade and back to a sitting position. Do the same on the left side.

Study of the safety stroke with the hand. Lie on your right side as indicated in the previous paragraph. Raise the straight right hand up and away from the shoulder, make several strong blows on the greyhound with the entire inner surface of the palm. At the moment of impact, the hand should be extended and the palm should be pointing down; the angle between the body and the arm is approximately 45–50°. Bending the arm at the elbow is not allowed. The same should be done with the left hand, lying on the left side.

Learning to roll from one side to the other. Lie on the left side in the final position for falling. Then, with your left hand and two legs, strongly push off the greyhound and roll onto your back into a position lying on your right side. Having made sure that the position on the right side is correct, push away from the greyhound with the right hand and two legs, and then roll to the left side. These rolls from side to side should be gradually accelerated.

Learning to fall to the side from different positions

Falling to the side from a sitting position. Sit on the greyhound, as described above. Transfer the weight of the body to the right buttock and roll to the right side in the direction of the right shoulder blade. As soon as the right shoulder blade begins to touch the greyhound, perform a strong blow with an outstretched right arm and finish the fall to the right side.

Falling to the side from a squatting position. Assume a full squat position, pressing the chin to the chest and extending the arms forward. From this position, sit on the greyhound with the right buttock as close as possible to the right heel and, without interrupting the movement, roll on the right side of the body and fall to the right side.

Falling to the side from the basic stance position. Stand in the basic stance, pressing the chin to the chest and extending the arms forward. From this position, make a smooth transition into a full squat, then sit on the greyhound with your right buttock and, without interrupting the movement, finish it by falling to the right side in the same way as in the previous exercises. Similarly, do all the falls to the left side.

Studying falling to the side through a partner who is standing in a stop while kneeling (the “high bench” position). The partner becomes squatting. Stand next to his right side with your back to him. With your left hand, grab the greyhound on your partner’s right shoulder, raise your right leg forward and extend your right arm in front of you. Bending your back, begin to fall back. When the direction of the fall is determined, the right hand should overtake the movement of the falling torso and hit the greyhound with force across the entire plane (the arm should be extended when striking, the palm facing the greyhound). Then the torso should fall onto the greyhound and the last - the legs. Do a similar fall through the partner to the left side. To do this, you need to stand next to your partner's left side and hold onto his clothes with your right hand.

Learning to fall on your stomach

Falling on your hands from a kneeling position. Get on your knees, stretching your arms forward with your palms down. Without bending your torso, fall face forward. As soon as your palms touch the greyhound, first slow down and then completely stop the fall of your torso by elastically bending your elbows.

The same from a kneeling position, but your hands are clasped behind your back. In order to fall without getting injured, you need to bend your back and roll over, from the front surface of your thigh along your stomach and chest, turning your head to the side to avoid hitting the greyhound with your chin.

Falling on your hands from a basic stance position. Get into a basic stance, stretching your arms forward with your palms down. Without bending your torso, fall forward, cushioning the fall with your hands, as described above.

Lesson methodology

Lesson topic: "Learning how to fall safely backwards onto your back and onto your side"

Lesson objective: to teach students present at the lesson how to teach self-protection techniques in the event of an unexpected fall onto your back and onto your side.

Lesson objectives:

to introduce the methodological principles and methods of building a combat horting training, which can be useful when conducting physical education lessons in a secondary education institution;

to show special physical training exercises that can facilitate the study of safe fall techniques (self-insurance) and acrobatic exercises by athletes.

A lesson is a generally accepted and best form of conducting classes that are conducted according to a certain plan. A lesson on studying self-insurance should consist of four parts: introductory - 2–3 min; preparatory - 10 min; main - 20 min; final - 10 min. There is no strict boundary between the introductory and preparatory parts.

The introductory and preparatory parts of the lesson are aimed at:

to prepare the body and psyche of athletes for further mental activity in studying new exercises;

to prepare the body and psyche of athletes for the increased physical load of the main part.

In the introductory part, the duty officer's report is made, the presence of athletes and readiness for the lesson is checked, a brief briefing on safety techniques is given, and the topic and lesson plan are explained.

In the preparatory part, a warm-up is performed, consisting of two parts, general and special. In this part of the lesson, exercises are performed with a gradually increasing load.

The general part includes:

exercises to "warm up" all muscle groups (swings, rotations, tilts, etc.);

exercises in movement (walking, running), which allow you to improve your methods of movement and at the same time prepare the body for the upcoming load.

The special part consists of exercises to develop and improve strength, speed, agility, flexibility. Special exercises are performed after general developmental exercises.

The preparatory part ends with active rest for 1–2 minutes. At this time, the necessary equipment is prepared, athletes take the appropriate place in the hall or on the horta. The warm-up is performed using the frontal method.

Examples of running and general developmental exercises

1. Walking on toes, on heels, toes in, toes out, on the inner and outer sides of the foot, in a half-squat, in a full squat.

2. Running with a high hip lift, sweeping the shin back, side steps on the right and left sides, running with your back forward, running with a rotation one to two times in each direction.

3. Jumping on one leg and on two legs.

4. Walking with rotation of the arms forward and backward.

5. Jerks with arms, tilts and rotation of the torso.

6. Raising the legs forward and to the sides, swinging the legs, lunging with the legs forward and to the side.

7. Flexion and extension of the arms in a supine position.

8. Raising the legs and torso from a supine position.

9. Exercises to restore breathing.

Examples of exercises for flexibility and stretching

1. Adopt the "hurdle running position": sitting, left (right) leg extended forward, bend the right (left) leg so that the leg is bent at the knee and the inner side of the thigh, and the foot with the medial side, its inner ankle bone, touches the greyhound. At the same time, the toes of the foot are directed as much back as possible, and the heel touches the buttock. Bending back, lean forward, reaching the knee with the forehead, and with both hands the toe of the leg extended forward.

2. Sitting, spread your legs as much as possible to the sides, place your palms on the back of your head, turning your elbows to the sides. Lean forward, without bending your legs at the knees, reach the greyhound in front of you with your head.

3. Taking each leg in turn on the forearm of one hand, with the other hand – holding the foot, rotate it in turn towards you and away from you.

4. Taking the right or left leg by the foot, press it in turn to the stomach, right and left shoulder, chest, head and throw it behind your head.

5. Taking the right or left leg by the heel from the inside, extend the leg to the side without bending it at the knee.

6. Taking the right and left legs, also as indicated above, extend them to the sides, spreading them, both legs at the same time, while trying not to lie on your back and not to bend your legs at the knees.

7. Sitting on the greyhound, taking the right or left leg by the foot in front of you with both hands, lift it forward and up until the knee touches the head.

8. Sitting on the greyhound, taking the legs bent at the knees and pressed together with both hands, trying not to lie on your back, straighten both legs at the same time, lifting them forward and up until the knees touch the head.

9. Lying on your stomach, arms to the sides, palms down, bending in the back, reach out alternately with your left foot for your right hand and with your right foot for your left hand (or throw your leg behind your hand as far as possible, closer to your shoulder).

10. Lying on your stomach, bend over, taking your legs by the ankles with both hands, roll forward and backward, left and right, jump on your stomach.

Examples of special physical training exercises

1. Kneeling, rest your head and hands, shoulder-width apart, on the greyhound. Continuing to rest your forehead and hands on the greyhound, rise from your knees to your toes, shoulder-width apart (take the position of the front wrestling bridge). Perform head rolls forward and backward, reaching the greyhound with the nose and trying to reach the greyhound with the shoulder blades, as well as tilting the greyhound to the left and right, reaching the greyhound with the left and right ears and rotating the head to the left and right for additional neck warming up.

2. Standing in the front wrestling bridge position, lift the left and right legs alternately and hold them in this position for 10–15 seconds.

3. Bending back and standing in the bridge position, lower yourself onto your head (take the rear wrestling bridge position). Perform head rolls forward and backward, touching the greyhound with the nose and back of the head, without touching the greyhound with the shoulder blades. If you have difficulty taking this position in the manner described above, the rear wrestling bridge position can be taken by rising on your hands and feet from a position lying on your back.

4. Standing in the position of the back wrestling bridge, raise the left and right legs alternately and hold them in this position for 5–8 seconds.

5. Standing in the position of the back wrestling bridge, do push-ups on your hands up.

The highest load falls on the main part of the lesson in combat horting, where the main exercises or techniques are performed. Training in combat horting, as well as in a physical education lesson, is a pedagogical process aimed at the physical and mental improvement of athletes. Teaching methods are understood as ways and means by which the main tasks of training are solved: obtaining knowledge, developing skills, forming skills.

Knowledge is transmitted by the verbal method (story) and the method of demonstration.

The skill is developed through learning. In combat horting, several methods of learning are used: holistic learning, learning in parts and complex, which combines both of the first methods, learning. The skill is checked through pedagogical observations.

Skills are formed in the process of training. The main training method is the exercise method, which ensures the stereotyped nature of the skill, the automatic nature of the athlete's actions when performing the exercise.

At the beginning of the main part of the lesson, in order to develop stable skills, previously learned acrobatic exercises and self-insurance techniques are performed. Repetition of self-insurance techniques is carried out individually at the place of warm-up. Repetition of acrobatic exercises (forward and backward somersaults, rolls, cartwheels, headstands and shoulder blades, etc.) can be carried out in a flow manner.

Athletes line up in three columns, one facing the coach, with an interval between the columns of 3-4 steps and strictly according to the signal (whistle) of the teacher, the athletes perform (one person from each column at the same time) these acrobatic elements in the direction of the teacher. Somersaults, rolls, etc. are done several times in a row. The distance between those performing the exercise is two somersaults. The number of repetitions of these elements depends on the size of the greyhound.

In addition, repeated repetition of these elements contributes to the training of the vestibular apparatus. Stands, gymnastic and wrestling bridge, splits (half splits) and other static exercises are performed once. Athletes who have finished performing the exercises stand in their own column behind the athletes who were waiting for the teacher's command to perform the exercise, and move at a run or quick step along the edge of the greyhound to the left and right (and not towards) the athletes performing the exercise.

Teaching safe falling techniques

When teaching combat horting athletes safe falling techniques, it is necessary to strictly follow the methodology presented above. This will ensure their correct execution, help students overcome natural fear and avoid minor blows and sprains. When teaching, it is necessary to ensure that when falling, athletes do not lean on their hands or elbows, as well as on straight arms.

Explanation for primary school students. It is useful to give examples: “cats always fall on their paws and do not get stuck, the ball always rolls on the floor, not staying in one place. So a person should learn to fall like a cat, or roll like a ball on hard asphalt. If you throw a ball vertically on the floor, it will bounce; if at a slight angle, it will roll on the floor. A cube thrown in this way will not bounce. Hence the following rules:

1. When falling, gather into a lump and tense your muscles - you will become hard.

2. Group, hide your knees, elbows - you will look like a ball.

3. Learn all the techniques of self-insurance - and you will learn to put forward elastic springs, similar to cat's paws.

If you do not follow these rules, every fall will cause you trouble. And in the event of a fall in everyday life, it will take much less time to clean your clothes than to heal abrasions and bruises.

1. Learning to fall back

The teacher emphasizes the attention of combat horting athletes to the fact that when falling on your back, you should not panic - you need to group, pressing your head to your chest, and make a strong clap with your hands. Attention is paid to the position of the head and hands when rolling onto your back; the head should not touch the horting.

Falling back from a squat position. Each athlete practices a backbend from a squat position individually, with them lining up in a column of three, at a distance and interval of 4–5 steps from each other in a half-turn to the right or left, facing the teacher (or in a circle facing the middle of the circle where the teacher is standing). In this case, the fall is performed in the direction from the center of the circle to its edge.

Separate attention is paid to the initial and final positions when falling back from a squat position.

Falling on the back through a partner standing in the “low bench” and “high bench” positions. The task is performed in pairs. Boys line up in one column, and girls in the other. The first numbers take the “low bench” or “high bench” position. The rest perform a backbend with a belay in order. When the last participant in the training completes the task, the second numbers change places with the first ones, and so on until all athletes are in the first place.

Study of positions: “low bench” and “high bench” positions; position when falling backwards through a partner who is in the “high bench” position (initial and final position).

The teacher, if necessary, helps athletes perform exercises, securing them. When falling on their backs, it is forbidden to put out their hands or elbows, or rest their head on the greyhound.

2. Study of falling to the side

Falling to the side from a squatting position. The task is performed individually. The teacher draws attention to the fact that the position that the athlete takes when falling to one side is symmetrical to the position when falling to the other. When falling to the side, it is important to roll over so that the hand, located at an angle of 45° to the body, makes a strong blow to the greyhound and, springing, stops the movement of the athlete who has fallen. The hand that does not make a slap-clap on the greyhound rises up or bends at the elbow, protecting against a possible fall of the partner. Falling to the side from a squat position is studied (initial and final positions).

Falling to the side through a partner standing in the “low bench” and “high bench” positions. The task is performed in a flow manner. When falling to the side, through a partner standing in the “low bench” or “high bench” position, the torso is turned towards the partner’s legs, therefore, first all athletes perform a fall to one side, as when practicing a fall on the back, and then to the other (partners squat on the other side).

With the right or left hand, you can grab the partner’s shoulder. The hand that performs a safety blow to the greyhound should go around the torso and hit the greyhound with force with the entire surface of the palm. The teacher, if necessary, assists the athletes in performing the exercise, belaying them, as well as when falling on the back.

Final part of the lesson

In the final part of the lesson, the load is reduced. This part includes relaxation exercises, outdoor games, lineup and summing up the lesson, recommendations and homework assignments.

1. The game "Duel of Cocks". The class is divided into two teams, which line up opposite each other in height. One participant comes out of each team in order, starting with the tallest. Jumping on one leg and holding their hands behind their backs, the opponents try to force each other to lean on the other leg. The one who fell, got off the greyhound or touched it with the other leg is considered the loser. Then the second numbers come out. The exercise continues until all the participants pass the test.

2. Exercise to restore breathing. Summing up the game. The team whose participants have won more victories is considered the winner.

3. General lineup. Summing up the lesson. The instructor informs athletes who practice combat horting where in everyday life the ability to fall correctly on your back can be useful: for example, if you slip, or when skating. It is important to remember that the hands are shock absorbers that help the athlete avoid blows, and the head in case of a fall should always be pressed to the chest to avoid concussion. The lesson ends on a positive note from the teacher.

"Horting Encyclopedia"

Eduard Yeromenko