Studying the basic theoretical and methodological principles of horting tactics
The main task of tactical training of a combat horting athlete is to study the basics and principles of combat horting tactics, the rules of judging, the tactical experience of the strongest athletes, and methods for developing a tactical concept. Mastering the theoretical and methodological provisions of combat horting tactics helps to accurately assess the competitive situation, adequately select the means and methods of competitive activity, taking into account the individual characteristics, qualifications, and level of preparedness of opponents.
The entire complex of verbal and visual methods contributes to the acquisition of knowledge in the theory and methodology of applying combat horting tactics. The sources of knowledge are special literature, lectures, conversations, explanations, watching competitions, films and videos, their analysis and analysis.
In combat horting, the athlete's technical arsenal is in principle not limited, it is updated on the initiative of the coach and athlete. In this regard, problems arise of optimal distribution in time of an extremely extensive training material and other characteristic special problems. The particularly close relationship between the technique and tactics of combat horting requires that in the training process technical skills are presented mainly in the form of unified structures - technical and tactical actions. Therefore, the technical training of combat horting athletes not only at the stage of improving skills, but also at the stage of their formation directly passes into tactical training.
To teach the principles of combining technique and tactics, the coach must conduct theoretical classes, at which the athletes are provided with all possible information about training methods and improving tactical actions. Theoretical classes on combat horting tactics can be conducted independently and in combination with exercises, for example, in the form of a conversation, a story for 10–20 minutes at the beginning of a practical class.
When conducting theoretical classes, it is advisable to support individual provisions with examples from practice, illustrate them with diagrams, diagrams, tables and other visual aids. Analysis of the opponents' sportsmanship, attitudes towards competitions, analysis of observations of training and competitions are also peculiar forms of theoretical classes on tactical training in combat horting.
Analysis of the opponents' sportsmanship. When preparing combat horting athletes for responsible competitions, the coach should organize classes on studying the main rivals in order to better prepare for the meeting with them. When analyzing the opponent's skills, it is necessary to determine the weaknesses and strengths and the features of his physical, volitional, technical and tactical readiness.
Then, the coach, together with the athlete, outlines the main points of the tactical plan of the fight in order to better prepare for the meeting with the opponent. The coach should involve not only the athlete who is to meet them, but also everyone who is involved in the analysis of the sportsmanship of future opponents. In this case, the class is more interesting and contributes to the development of creative thinking and initiative in athletes.
Attitudes to the competition. Before the competition, the coach conducts certain work with the athletes. This work consists in aiming combat horting athletes at a particular result, setting specific tasks for each participant of the competition, clarifying with them the plans for clashes with the main opponents, focusing their attention on the most important moments of the competition.
At such classes, the coach gives a description of the competing teams and individual opponents. He emphasizes the need to adhere to the sports regime, be disciplined, organized during the competition, carefully prepare sports uniforms, etc.
Analysis of observations of training and competitions. It is advisable to conduct an analysis of training or competitions at the next class. First, the coach gives a general assessment of the training or competition, then analyzes the performance of each combat horting athlete, noting the positive and negative aspects of his preparedness, outlining ways to eliminate shortcomings. If during a theoretical lesson on combat horting tactics it becomes necessary to recreate individual episodes of a certain fight, this is done immediately or at the nearest training lesson.
The methodology of tactical exercises in training is subject to a number of provisions considered in the analysis of the methodological foundations of tactical training of combat horting athletes. This concerns the general methodological rules for forming the basis of actions that are part of tactical techniques, their learning and improvement. Depending on the stages of training, tactical exercises are used in simplified conditions, complicated conditions and in conditions that are as close as possible to competitive ones.
Tactical exercises in simplified conditions. Simplified conditions give confidence and variability to the combat horting athlete. It is usually necessary to facilitate the conditions for performing tactical exercises in training in relation to competition conditions when forming new complex skills and abilities or transforming previously formed ones.
Most often this is achieved by simplifying the studied forms of tactics, dividing them into less complex operations, with the allocation of actions of attacking or defensive tactics. In combination with this approach and without it, the external conditions of the exercises are initially facilitated in order to facilitate the accurate execution of tactical tasks.
It is clear that facilitated tactical exercises, as well as exercises of this type in general, play a purely auxiliary role in training. They are needed only as intermediate steps on the way to mastering the intended tactics of the competition. As soon as a combat horting athlete begins to cope with the tactical task in facilitated conditions without much effort, there is no point in delaying the transition to more complex forms of tactical exercises.
Facilitated conditions can be a fight with a lighter opponent, with an opponent who only defends himself, and does not perform techniques, etc. The feeling of the possibility of successful attacks that comes to the athlete stimulates him to further training and reveals additional individual opportunities.
Tactical exercises in difficult conditions. Difficult conditions provide the combat horting athlete with the opportunity to test technical elements with maximum opponent resistance and in difficult and non-standard combat situations. The purpose of using tactical exercises of increased complexity is to ensure the reliability of the learned forms of tactics and stimulate the development of tactical abilities. Relatively general methodological approaches implemented in such exercises include certain methods, such as: introducing additional counteractions from the partner, limiting spatial and temporal conditions, increasing the variability of tactics, checking the reliability of tactics.
Introducing additional counteractions from the partner. Additional tactical counteractions are very often used during a fight with a difficult opponent. It can also be a complication for the combat horting athlete himself, for example: conducting a wrestling fight blindfolded; fighting only with hands; prohibiting punches, but only with legs and vice versa, etc.
The athlete is faced with the need to overcome more significant opposition when solving tactical tasks than in the conditions allowed by the competition rules. It is necessary that the additionally introduced oppositions, requiring the athlete of combat horting to mobilize tactical abilities to the maximum, be at the same time feasible, do not exceed the extent of his real capabilities. Such a method can be conducting a fight with an opponent of greater weight or more experienced and technical.
Limitations of spatial and temporal conditions. At the same time, the athlete of combat horting shows maximum desire to attack and have time to perform a reception. The methodological meaning of such restrictions is to improve the ability to solve tactical tasks in a strictly limited space and time. For example, when tactical maneuvering in a fight in a very limited area, when performing tactical operations of an attacking nature in a strictly limited time.
It is possible to conduct a fight without moving around the horting at all, while the opponent, on the contrary, is allowed to move. Another element of this method is to provide 20 seconds for a throw or a well-aimed strike to the solar plexus in 6-ounce gloves (the partner must use protective equipment when using this method).
Increasing the variability of tactics. It is necessary to teach the combat horting athlete to change the distance of the fight, change striking attacks from a long distance to throwing attacks at close range, etc. Unlike previous methods, this involves complicating not so much the external conditions for implementing tactical tasks as the tasks themselves.
The athlete is given the task of changing tactics during an exercise or training fight, varying it according to a planned program or at a sudden predetermined signal. For example: instantly change the tactics of defense against an attack or vice versa, after an active series of striking attacks, approach at close range and tie the opponent's hands with grips, then make a throw, etc.
Checking the reliability of tactics. This method can be used as conducting several fights in a row with different opponents. Thus, the combat horting athlete is brought to a certain degree of fatigue and at the same time he must carry out attacking actions on the instructions of the coach. Such actions can be striking combinations, throwing combinations, striking-throwing combinations with the continuation of the fight on the ground. It can also be used to conduct several fights on the ground with opponents of different weights.
These are the already mentioned methods, which in this case are used against the background of fatigue, as well as in situations that generate mental tension, i.e. unexpected replacement of an opponent with a stronger one, introduction of sound and other obstacles into the situation, etc. Tactical training is directly connected with special mental training and training of competitive endurance. Overcoming physical fatigue, a combat horting athlete trains not only special endurance, but also strong-willed qualities, such as determination, perseverance, determination, initiative.
Tactical exercises in conditions as close as possible to the conditions of the upcoming competition. At the stage of direct preparation for a responsible competition, the methodology of tactical training of combat horting athletes should provide, first of all, full modeling of those integral forms of tactics that will be used in this competition.
The purpose of modeling is to verify the developed tactical idea and plan in conditions that are as close as possible to the conditions of the future competition, including specific features of the composition of the participants, the competition schedule, the method of determining the winner, climatic and geographical conditions.
Tactically oriented competitive practice. The main way to acquire competitive experience, which constitutes the practical foundation of the tactical skill of a combat horting athlete, is the way of systematic participation in competitions of various nature. The targeted use of competitions for the purpose of tactical training assumes a special organization of competitive practice, in particular:
Formation of tactical settings in accordance with the athlete's individual training plan for competitions of various ranks, provided for by the official sports calendar;
Organization of additional meetings, friendly, match, tournament competitions in combat horting, appropriate in terms of duration and composition of participants, and the degree of compliance with the general logic of preparation for the main competitions;
conducting training competitions with a tactical focus, which together with official and intermediate competitions should form interdependent links of competitive practice, sufficient in volume and quality.
Competitive practice can only be a school of tactical mastery for a combat horting athlete if each performance is the subject of thoughtful analysis with an impartial assessment of tactical errors and specific conclusions to determine the next tasks of tactical training.
A combat horting coach must apply methods of preparing an athlete for competitions with compliance with the regime of gradual involvement in the harsh conditions of competitive activity through:
implementation and multiple repetition of technical actions in a line formation and individually by imitation;
practicing the dynamics of strikes on shells;
practicing the dynamics of throws on dummies;
practicing defense in pairs on a signal;
practicing defense against attacks individually using special devices;
practicing technical and tactical actions with a partner on tasks;
improving technical and tactical actions in fights with the dosage of blows;
training fights with role-playing tasks, with the transition to free fights.
Thanks to this sequence of training methods, specific skills and abilities will be more firmly formed, allowing to exclude the participation of antagonist muscles and solve tactical tasks according to previously worked out algorithms. This technique eliminates the issue of developing special endurance and ensuring the reliability of competitive performances of a combat horting athlete. The athlete's technical and tactical skills are improved continuously, starting from the first classes in the section, and continue throughout the athlete's entire sports career.
The tasks of tactical improvement in combat horting correspond to the developed special methods that simulate the specific competitive activity of an athlete with varying degrees of similarity. These include: training without an opponent, training with a conditional opponent, training with a partner, training with an opponent.
The method of training without an opponent is used to master the basics of tactical application of the basic technical actions of a combat horting athlete. Specific means are basic positions and movements, movement, "duel with a shadow", simulation exercises and various combinations thereof.
The method of training with a conditional opponent - involves the use of auxiliary equipment and devices: mannequins, various training devices. Exercises using projectiles and devices allow you to practice remote, temporal, rhythmic characteristics of actions, develop and improve muscle-motor sensations.
The method of training with a partner is the main one for mastering the tactics of actions of a combat horting athlete. The partner in this method serves as an active assistant and contributes to the correct mastering of the technique and tactics of actions. The main means of training are pair and group exercises, which are very diverse and mainly have a technical and tactical focus.
The method of training with an opponent - allows you to improve the tactics of actions in conditions of information and time deficit to solve tactical tasks, space-time uncertainty, rapidly changing combat situations. Exercises in predetermined situations are used as training tools, in which the combat horting athlete, playing the role of an opponent, acts within the limits of clearly defined tasks set by the coach: fragments of individual competitive situations; training and competitive matches, etc.
Tactical training is a kind of unifying beginning in relation to other sections of the content of the training, since at the final stage of the preparatory period of each large training cycle, the general effect of all sections of the training should flow into a single form - the form of appropriate tactics for performance in the main competitions.
On the other hand, the implementation of the tactical training tasks of a combat horting athlete depends, one way or another, on the content of all other sections of his training. Tactical training is an integral indicator of all types of tactical decisions of a combat horting athlete: competition tactics, combat tactics and tactics of preparing offensive actions.
Thus, in the process of tactical training of a combat horting athlete, as in other sections of training, immediate and prospective, educational and educational, general training and special training tasks are combined. Their solution is one of the main aspects of the intellectual training of a combat horting athlete and, along with it, is part of the practical content of training.
Sports competitions are the highest practical form of tactical training. The dependence of tactics on the theoretical preparedness of the combat horting athlete is due to the fact that the study of each opponent is necessary before the competition, and not only during the fight. Sometimes this is ignored, and the athlete has to decide on the spot what tactics to use in relation to the opponent. In addition, tactics are regulated by the general rules of the competition and regulations on the competition, the athlete may not know or ignore the nuances of these regulatory documents and lose only because of neglect of this knowledge.
According to the tactical orientation of the action of the combat horting athlete, it can be divided into three groups:
preparatory (reconnaissance) actions;
offensive (attack) actions;
defensive (protective) actions.
The intelligence form of a clash, as a means of obtaining data about the enemy, is independent when drawing up a plan for a clash. When preparing offensive or defensive actions, it serves as an auxiliary form. The offensive form of the fight is an active form of fighting the enemy, which assumes taking the initiative. It is carried out by attacking, countering and corresponding actions at long, medium and short distances. The defensive form of the fight is a form of protection against enemy attacks, while it can be an independent and auxiliary link, accompanying the development of the offensive.
In the classification of combat horting techniques, the concept of distance is indicated among the initial actions, which covers an array of technical and tactical actions that include the originality of the technical arsenal and the tactics of its implementation depending on the technical armament and functional capabilities of the combat horting athlete. The distance at which the opponents conduct combat actions determines the features of the technique, the manifestation of certain physical and volitional qualities of the athletes in the fight.
The fight at each distance takes place in a wide variety of conditions and has its own patterns. The time of striking, holding and throwing, as well as the implementation of defense options depends on the distance between the opponents. The shorter the combat distance, the faster and more imperceptibly the blow reaches the target, and the harder it is to defend against it. And vice versa: the longer the distance, the easier it is for the combat horting athlete to defend against the opponent's blows. For each distance there is a time limit that determines the possibility of defense against blows. Thus, an athlete at a long distance has better conditions for defense than at a medium distance, and at a medium distance - better than at a close distance.
Although the time to perform an action at a long distance is longer than at a medium distance, in combat horting it is still calculated in fractions of a second. Therefore, in order to protect yourself from a blow, you need to have a sufficiently fast reaction and you need to move in order to react to the opponent's actions in time, even while at a long distance. The time limit at different distances determines the choice of appropriate tactics, requires a different level of development of the speed of reaction and thinking, speed and coordination of movements, attention and other qualities of a combat horting athlete.
Characteristics of preparatory (reconnaissance) actions of a combat horting athlete
Preparatory actions include the following components:
familiarization with the opponent's skill level, his style and manner of conducting a fight;
hiding one's intentions with the help of deceptive actions;
analysis and assessment of the opponent's actions, his style and manner of fighting in the standing and on the ground, physical fitness, courage and determination, the ability to perform deceptive actions, the use of favorite techniques and behavior after a received blow, as well as after a successfully performed combination;
using maneuvering to create positions that are convenient for one's own attacks and counterattacks, and inconvenient for the opponent, the ability to keep the opponent at the required comfortable distance;
finding out the opponent's reaction to active deceptive actions (does not open vulnerable spots for a blow, transfers the fight to the ground, tries to counterattack, or takes deceptive actions as true, etc.);
determining the opponent's speed and strength data.
Preparatory actions are carried out with the help of great maneuverability, attacks and counterattacks with one, two and series of blows, defenses, etc. It should be borne in mind that the opponent sets the same tasks and also actively solves them.
Characteristics of offensive (attacking) actions of a combat horting athlete
Offensive actions are expressed in attacks and counterattacks. Counterattacks, in turn, can be counter, corresponding and repeated to the opponent's counterattack. Attack is the best tactical means of a combat horting athlete to achieve victory. But the attacker can count on success only if he carries out the attack in a timely manner and unexpectedly for the opponent. This is his certain tactical advantage over the opponent who is defending, because he is the initiator of actions, can start the attack at the moment of greatest readiness for action. That is why the attack should be prepared.
One of the preliminary moments of a successful attack is the ability to reveal the opponent's defense with deceptive actions, to distract his attention from the target chosen for the strike, and thereby create a convenient position for striking or making his grab and throwing. In practice, some combat horting athletes use the attack as their main fighting tool, attacking continuously and only occasionally using the form of counterattacks. Others use the counterattack as their main form, attacking to initiate the fight, in order to provoke the opponent to counterattack and deliver a decisive blow in a repeated counterattack or to perform a throwing technique.
Striking attacks are carried out at long, medium and close (clinching) distances. Throwing attacks are carried out at medium and close (clinching) distances.
A fight at long distance. A long-distance attack is one of the real combat means of combat horting athletes. It can end in one small episode.
At long distances, it is always more difficult for a combat horting athlete to start an attack than at medium distances, since, being outside the sphere of blows, the opponent relatively easily perceives the initial movements and has time to react to them with defense. In order for the attack and counterattack to be unexpected for the opponent, the athlete, when preparing a blow, must distract his attention by constantly changing distances and deceptive actions.
Conducting a fight at long distances has its own characteristics. While in a straight stance without a grip, a combat horting athlete easily moves on the horting on his toes, but his legs are slightly bent, spread apart for stability, and he is always ready to quickly and easily switch from attack to counterattack, changing the types of movement and distance to the opponent.
A long-distance combat horting athlete uses mainly direct punches and side kicks, combining light, distracting punches with swift and sharp ones, and mainly uses defenses with steps back and to the side, also using various defenses with the help of stands. The ability to use feints in combination with side kicks and masterful movement are characteristic features of a representative of a long-distance fight. An attack with one or two punches often leads to the rapprochement of opponents at medium and close distances.
A quick unexpected attack from a long distance is used to seize the initiative and for a decisive strike at a medium distance. If, after an attack from a long distance, the combat horting athletes are in close proximity to each other, they fight for an advantageous position of the hands for strikes and defenses. In this case, the attacks are continued with short strikes. The attack must be carried out swiftly and confidently, otherwise the opponent will make decisive counterattacks.
Counterattacks from a long distance can also be a means of active defense. There are frequent cases when the attacking combat horting athlete received a counterattacking blow, after which he was unable to continue the fight. If the athlete is good at defensive actions with the help of dodges, dives, parries, stands and moves well, then, by applying defenses against the opponent's blows, he creates advantageous positions for himself for delivering effective counterattacks. Not feeling counterattacks, the opponent loses his vigilance a little, opens up, so you can successfully strike back - one, two or a series.
In counterattacks, the combat horting athlete tries to deliver a counterattack or several strikes to the opponent at a time when the hotly attacking opponent does not control himself and opens up. For this purpose, the combat horting athlete, who has decided to choose a counterattack form of the fight, tries to provoke the opponent to attack, having prepared one or another counterattack in advance.
A more complex counterattack at long and medium distances: using feints (false strikes) to provoke the opponent to counterattack, which is decisively preceded by your own counterattack. This form of the fight is available only to highly qualified athletes.
A fight at medium distance. If a long-distance fight is characterized by great mobility and maneuverability, where each athlete tries to hit the opponent with his blow and remain invulnerable himself, then a fight at medium and close distances limits movement on the horting. The tactics of conducting a fight at medium distances are to attack with single or multiple blows, defending well, and counterattack with corresponding and counter blows, deliver single blows or series of blows faster than the opponent, take holds and perform throwing actions.
A fight at medium distances is the development of attacking or counterattacking actions, a certain method of combat actions that are part of the tactical task of a combat horting athlete, inherent in his individual manner of conducting a fight. At medium distances, a fight can develop if the opponent does not offer resistance, which can prevent the development of the fight, or if he actively counteracts the attacker. If the opponent does not allow the opportunity to develop actions at medium distance, a sharp counter-battle occurs, in which the attacker must fight for the initiative and moral superiority.
In such a fight, attacks and defenses against the opponent's counterattacks are usually combined, counterattacks against the opponent's counterattacks, grabs are changed, and there are constant attempts to throw from one side and the other. The rapprochement of both athletes can also occur because one of them will strive for this, and the other cannot break the distance to be out of the grab, or both go for rapprochement and continuously attack.
Such a counter-fight often occurs in the confrontation of strong-willed, persistent combat horting athletes of the same style of fighting, who prefer offensive actions. Each of them tries to suppress the other's will to resist, works quickly, and persistently.
A fight at close (clinching) distance. When the opponents come close to a collision of bodies, the fight requires great effort and almost always goes to the ground. Such a fight takes on a forceful character. If the athletes continue to fight in a standing position, then an exchange of blows occurs, where each combat horting athlete seeks to prevent the opponent from acting with pads, delays, forearm supports, shoulders in order to find a convenient position for an unhindered strike or throw. The blows are delivered mainly with bent arms from below, from the side, from the side to the top, from the bottom to the side, under the arms, through the opponent's arms, etc.
A fight at close range (close-quarters) is conducted when combat horting athletes are close to each other, when they hold each other in a tight attractive grip or when they collide in a grouped stance. The tactical task at close range is to take a position convenient for body strikes, to tire the opponent with them or to restrain his blows, to seize his tight grip, to knock the opponent to the floor of the horting with a fall or a throw.
At this distance, the fight often takes on an athletic character. Conducting a fight at close range requires from the combat horting athlete, in addition to highly developed muscular-motor sensations, the ability to relax and feel his opponent, as well as a high level of special sparring endurance, stability and agility in the fight for his grip.
Characteristics of defensive (protective) actions of a combat horting athlete
The tactical plans of the athlete may also include defensive actions. When attacking quickly with a series of strikes, the combat horting athlete, who is defending, seeks to reliably cover his head with his hands in order to tire the opponent with his passive actions. By performing the task with slopes and dips, he finds out in which places the attacking opponent opens up.
After receiving a strong blow, the combat horting athlete seeks to leave the fight or enter the close range of the fight and block the opponent with passive actions in order to rest, recover, gather himself, prepare and choose the moment when the opponent will be in an uncomfortable position, and attack himself. Defensive actions are also used in order to dull the vigilance of the opponent, who gains confidence and at the same time carelessness.
Defensive actions also include counterattacks without further development of the attack, in order to stop the opponent, who is continuously attacking. The attacked athlete takes a deaf defense, carefully monitors the opponent's actions and at the moment of his disclosure delivers one or two strong blows to open places.
Defensive actions are divided into unintentional and intentional. Unintentional defensive actions occur when a combat horting athlete is caught off guard. In this case, the defense is performed almost involuntarily, with minimal conscious control, as an immediate reaction to an unexpectedly delivered blow or several blows.
Intentional defensive actions are controlled defensive actions against blows, prepared in advance. When performing intentional defenses, a combat horting athlete must be alert. The opponent may perform deceptive actions and instead of the expected blow with his left hand, strike with his right.
In either case, the defense should not take much time, since defensive actions alone will not lead to victory. But of course, the main task of the tactical training of a combat horting athlete is the correct planning of the fight and the implementation of the plan. The athlete draws up the fight plan together with the coach, based on information about the opponent.
The style and manner of fighting plays a role (some combat horting athletes act at a very fast pace, constantly attacking; others adhere only to long distances; others strive to fight at close range; there are athletes with a strong punch who count on winning by knockout; fast counterattackers wait for the opponent's attacks to counterattack; left-handed fighters act in a right-sided stance, etc.).
With all this, the most dangerous opponent is a combat horting athlete who knows how to fight at all distances, is active, fast and mobile, who feels confident both in the stance and on the ground.
"Horting Encyclopedia"
Eduard Yeromenko
© 2014