Mastering the basic elements, techniques and variants of tactical actions
The means and methods of mastering tactical actions, the entire process of tactical training is determined by the specifics of combat horting. An analysis of a number of combat horting competitions gives grounds to assert that the most lagging section in the training of many combat horting athletes is technical skill.
The limited arsenal of techniques used in fights, the forceful nature of their conduct, the inability to prepare a technique or use a favorable situation to deliver an effective series of blows or make a throw - these are the main gaps in the technical and tactical arsenal of athletes, which requires serious work to fill them.
The combat horting technique is rich and diverse, and each athlete, depending on the characteristics of his physique, strength, agility, flexibility and speed, can choose for himself the most effective techniques that will help him succeed in the fight.
During regular classes in sports sections, a combat horting athlete gets acquainted with all the basic techniques in the stance and ground position, improves these techniques in training fights with various opponents and in competitions. During training, each athlete must choose the techniques that best suit his individual characteristics, check their effectiveness in competitions, determine the most effective ways to protect against the techniques used by the opponent, in other words, determine the range of his favorite crown techniques.
A common drawback of most combat horting athletes is that, having mastered a certain number of techniques in the stance and ground positions, they stop working on their development and improvement, and try to compensate for the shortcomings in the technique by developing great physical strength and endurance. At the first stages on the path to mastery, this in most cases brings the first successes: in meetings with inexperienced opponents, one can achieve victory even with significant gaps in technical and tactical training. But in a fight with experienced masters, shortcomings in technique or inability to use tactical techniques become a heavy burden, which does not allow the athlete to achieve high results.
From a huge number of techniques in the stance, a combat horting athlete can perfectly master one or two techniques against an opponent advancing forward, for example: a throw over the head, a front step; a throw over the shoulder, etc.; against an opponent retreating, for example: a back step, a hook from the inside, etc.; and against an opponent moving along the front: a side cut, a catch, a hook, etc. He also needs to perfectly master various methods of preparation for performing his favorite techniques. The combat horting athlete constantly improves the variants of the selected techniques, preparing technical and tactical surprises for his opponents.
What techniques should the athlete choose for the most solid assimilation and improvement? It is impossible to give ready-made recipes here. The combat horting athlete decides this issue together with the coach based on his own experience. However, it is absolutely clear that in doing so, he and the coach take into account the previous technical training, the peculiarities of the physique and physical qualities, as well as the peculiarities of the sportsmanship of future main opponents. Work on improving the selected techniques is carried out systematically.
An experienced combat horting athlete achieves victory thanks to the ability to correctly assess the current situation and the ability to foresee options for its further development. When attacked, he will assume what kind of preparation the opponent actually has, starting from the moment when the opponent approaches the distance to the length of two arms, even if no attack is made with either hand or foot, since the movement of the opponent within the danger zone allows one to assess the opponent's skills. Such a movement is equivalent to an attack for the master of defense, and is also predictable due to an objective assessment of the opponent's level of preparation and objective knowledge of his capabilities.
Maneuvering, a combat horting athlete conducts the fight thoughtfully, changes his actions depending on the conditions of the fight and the situation around him, taking into account all the circumstances. He wins with his ability to think quickly and logically, subordinating all his actions to the goal of winning at the cost of the least losses, and not at any cost.
A skilled athlete has well-developed physical qualities (endurance, agility, speed, impact force, hard throw technique, panoramic vision, ideal technique, etc.), a complex of important properties of mental processes (speed and accuracy of perception, distribution and switching of attention, efficiency of thinking, selectivity of appropriate reactions, etc.) and is able to maintain these qualities not only in difficult conditions of competitions and training, but also in conditions of a real fight, that is, he has great mental stability.
To do this, each mastered technique is first learned during training on a partner who does not resist. The trainer together with the student determines the most convenient variant of performing the technique, based on the development characteristics of the combat horting athlete. To firmly consolidate the skills, it is recommended to perform the beginning of the technique many times (20–40 times) without the partner throwing the horting. This method is widely used not only when learning, but also when improving the technique. Further improvement of the technique occurs with one-sided support from the partner, which gradually increases. After that, combat horting athletes improve the selected techniques in training sessions and in training fights.
Using advantages. During a fight, the athlete must be aware of his strengths and weaknesses in knowledge and execution of techniques, as well as know the advantages of the opponent.
If the athlete is good at throwing techniques, it will be correct to use grabs, close range as effectively as possible and apply striking techniques of the hands, deliver a series of blows to the head, supporting them with kicks, keep the opponent at a short striking distance in order to switch to a throw at the right moment.
If the athlete knows himself as a perfect striker, then the tactics of the fight used should be aimed at quick maneuvering from grabs, careful body deflections from blows, timely substitution of supports for blows and waiting for the moment to deliver powerful blows. By switching to such a mode, one can successfully apply striking techniques and wrestling in a stand against the opponent, as well as successfully conduct a fight on the ground, keeping the opponent in tension.
If a combat horting athlete is confident in his striking preparation of his hands, but also knows that his opponent is well-prepared, it is necessary to conduct reconnaissance for about 30–40 seconds, and only then proceed to the use of striking combinations with his hands.
If the athlete is well-prepared for a fight on the ground, confidently performs painful and suffocating techniques, it is advisable to transfer the fight to the ground as often as possible during the fight, studying the opponent. This will give an opportunity to feel the opponent's reaction to certain attempts to fight on the ground, and, having switched to a close-range fight, at a convenient moment to hold, gaining an advantage in points, or successfully end the fight with an effective and tough painful or suffocating technique.
If the opponent is well versed in ground fighting techniques, it is necessary to avoid transferring the fight to the ground and to perform combinations of blows as effectively as possible when he attempts to take a tight hold, to perform single and double blows at the beginning of the opponent's passes to grab the legs or torso.
Performing striking actions and defenses. Striking combinations in combat horting are very diverse. They include the entire arsenal of punches and kicks not prohibited by the competition rules. When teaching striking actions, exercises in pairs and training conditioned fights are of great importance. An indicator of the high technical skill of a combat horting athlete is his ability to attack with series of blows.
The blows that make up the series should alternate in different combinations. Each striking attack is performed as a complete action that has a beginning and an end. Any attack is built in phases: preparation, leading (first) blow, development of the attack with a series of blows and continuation of the attack in the grip for a throw or exit from the striking distance of the fight.
In order to act confidently, each attack should be studied and improved according to these phases. It is necessary to start with simple tasks, for example: the attacker delivers a direct blow with the front hand, the partner responds with a slant. Then the tasks should gradually become more complicated, for example: the attacker delivers a blow with the far hand (direct or side), the partner must have time to determine the method of protection from the blow and have time to apply it.
The requirements for the level of development of simple and complex reactions of combat horting athletes are gradually increasing, therefore, exercises for the development of this quality, as well as the ability to predict the opponent's actions, must be introduced into the training process. Further, when conducting a conditioned fight, it is necessary to change the tasks for both athletes so as to gradually complicate both the attacking and defensive actions of the athletes, while simultaneously expanding and improving their technical arsenal. The result should be a free fight, which will allow determining the level of preparedness of combat horting athletes for competitions of different levels.
Serial blows from the point of view of the technique of their execution are considered as a combination of single and repeated blows. For example, simple two-stroke series of blows with the hands:
left straight + right straight;
left straight + left from below.
A repeated blow is the second blow, the same as the first (a two with one limb from blows of the same type), for example, a high-speed repetition:
left straight + left straight.
Three-stroke series are much more variable, for example (without a characteristic of the type of blow):
repeated blow + single blow (accentuated);
single strike (accented) + repeated strike.
This technical and tactical section requires high technical preparedness of the combat horting athlete. When performing hand strikes, impulse movements of the torso are used. When performing kicks, the area of support of the attacker is limited to the area of one foot. Therefore, to transition from one strike to another, it is necessary to ensure dynamic preservation of balance. At the same time, the individual rhythmic structure should be taken into account when rearranging supports between kicks for the reliability of the stance and maintaining balance.
Carrying out throwing actions and defenses. A high percentage of combat horting fights are successfully carried out using throwing techniques. In a fight, the root cause of the appearance of a throw, as an action to achieve an advantage over an opponent, is a grab. The struggle for a grab occurs from the first approach of the opponents and continues until the end of the fight. A tight grip ensures the successful execution of a throw.
The means of performing the grabs, the mutual arrangement of the opponents, their mutual application of forces in time dictate the choice of technical technique. This involves identifying the most frequently used methods of grabs and considering them as the starting points for building a group of training tasks when mastering and improving the main groups of throws.
Simple throws as single motor actions are mostly mastered relatively quickly by all beginner athletes. When learning throws, training begins from a distance: the partner does not interfere with the athlete's execution of grabs, being in statics or ensuring the desired direction of movement of the body, its individual parts: arms, head, torso.
Studying methods of performing a throw with gradually increasing obstacles after performing a grab is provided by a set of tasks that ensures improvement of the structure of performing individual techniques and mastering logical rearrangements for the transition from one technique or attacking grab to another. With any approach to mastering the throwing technique of combat horting, this is a creative field of activity for the coach and athlete, the ability to search and select the necessary specific material for compiling tasks that simulate individual fragments and episodes of the fight.
Counterattack tactics. The most important thing in developing the technical and tactical skills of a combat horting athlete is mastering the section of counterattack actions. A highly technical athlete is characterized not so much by striking and throwing techniques as by the ability to avoid the opponent's blows and throws and to deliver counterattacks and counterthrows. Data from pedagogical observations of the conduct of fights by highly qualified combat horting athletes indicate that in the activities of qualified athletes, attack, defense and counterattack are constantly combined.
An athlete who owns only one type of fight cannot count on stable success, because, focusing on attacking activity, he must provide it with defense. Any defense must be accompanied by counterattacks and counterthrows. Only then will he be strong and reliable. Defending without counterattacks and counterthrows means constantly being subjected to attacks by the opponent.
Of course, a significant role in the formation of such a capacity is played by the quality of simple speed and agility. However, the simple natural speed of the athlete can provide only a simple defensive response, but not an adequate response to the opponent's actions, and even more so - a counterattack or a counterattack throw when changing the direction of the opponent's force application.
To do this, it is necessary to quickly perceive information, analyze, choose the optimal response option, or as quickly as possible to form a model of the desired future technical action in the head, and implement it in the corresponding counterattack or preemptive throw. Such time is called the latent period of the reaction of the combat horting athlete.
In horting, where the speed of the opponent's striking attack is calculated in hundredths of a second, and there is no time even to choose pre-prepared responses, only an automated response with previously worked out conditioned reflexes is possible. But in order for this automated response to work, it is necessary to first have a list of optimal corresponding actions for the most likely situations of the fight. Then, having worked out the technique of their implementation, it is necessary to train your sensorimotor mechanisms for a long time and purposefully in the transition from one corresponding program to another in conditions of rapid change of the situation.
To do this, it is necessary to master the technical and tactical set of techniques, which is presented by the coach for corresponding actions in typical situations of the fight. However, it should be borne in mind that the unlimited expansion of the individual technical and tactical complex will increase the list of possible responses with counterstrikes and counterthrows to the opponent's standard attacks, which will increase the time to find the optimal solution and, accordingly, the reaction time in response. Therefore, it is necessary to work to ensure that the corresponding actions are as narrow as possible, but at the same time effectively respond to all possible attacks of the opponent.
To do this, it is necessary to have the entire complex of the opponent's attacking actions and, using it as a list of typical signals, develop unified corresponding actions that allow responding to complexes of eastern attacking actions with typical unified corresponding actions.
The complex of counterattacking technical and tactical actions includes:
counterattacks after a defensive maneuver;
counterthrows after a defensive maneuver;
strikes after contact defense (stand or block);
counterstrikes;
strikes from preventive defense;
throws after a weak deceptive maneuver of the opponent;
strikes after knocking down the opponent's attacking hold;
attack on the ground with a painful or suffocating technique after leaving the opponent's painful or suffocating hold or after turning him over by leaving the hold.
The issues of organizing appropriate punches and kicks, as well as counter-throws from maneuver defense against opponent’s punches and throws in combat horting are very important. The fact is that torso maneuvers and movement on the horting take exactly as much time as the attacking opponent needs to stabilize after an unsuccessful attack. Thus, the opponent’s appropriate punch or throw will be met by the qualified defense of the combat horting athlete.
In order for the combat horting athlete to be able to tactically correctly assess the rapidly changing situation, individual tactical episodes characteristic of fights are learned during training sessions. The selected techniques must be successfully applied by the combat horting athlete in fights with different opponents. It is important that he not only perfectly master different variants of performing a particular technique, but also be able to tactically correctly prepare the technique.
At the same time, he must not only count on using a favorable situation that accidentally arose in the fight, but also on creating the necessary favorable conditions for performing the technique himself, for example: by knocking the opponent off balance, besieging, knocking down, leading or challenging the opponent to perform the technique with his deceptive actions and immediately performing a counter-technique, ahead of the opponent.
Successful performance of the selected techniques is inextricably linked with the ability to mask one's intentions, to perform the technique at the moment when the opponent least expects it. Deceptive actions are performed so that the opponent is convinced of the reality of the threat, only in this case he will react to the deceptive action in the way that the combat horting athlete expects. In the process of improving the selected technique, it is necessary to consolidate it and bring the execution of the technique to automatism through repeated repetitions in training fights with partners of different height, weight, and stance. All this will contribute to the consolidation of strong motor skills of the combat horting athlete.
The most important section of tactical training is mastering the practical elements of combat horting tactics:
appropriate methods of competitive actions that determine the effectiveness of competitive struggle;
means of rational distribution of forces during the competition;
methods of psychological influence on the opponent and masking one's own intentions.
It should be noted that in combat horting it is possible to foresee all possible options for the development of the fight. Therefore, in the process of tactical training, several models of tactical actions should be developed that could be implemented depending on the conditions that have developed in a specific episode of the combat horting fight.
Defense by maneuver. Data from pedagogical observations of conducting combat horting fights indicate that in the activities of qualified athletes, attack, defense and counterattack are constantly combined. A combat horting athlete who possesses only one type of fighting cannot count on stable success. For example, the defense of a combat horting athlete, in order to be successful, must be combined with counterattacks and counterthrows. Only then will it be strong and reliable. Defending at a distance without counterattacks means constantly being exposed to the opponent's attacks.
It is wrong for a combat horting athlete to focus only on attacking activity without possessing defense. Each attacking blow must be reinforced with defense, with which it would be combined as insurance against a possible counterattack. Defense is the most important component of the tactical skill of a combat horting athlete. It is necessary to master defense at a distance, sparing neither time nor energy, regardless of the current successes of the combat horting athlete.
From the very first competitions, the athlete must remember that the success of victory lies in reliable protection. At the training stage and the stage of sports improvement, regardless of the quality of mastering the protection at the initial training stage, the combat horting athlete must improve the algorithms of protection and counterattacks. The best means are combined protections, when several types of protection are combined in one protective movement: retreat, slope, support of the far palm, near shoulder and near elbow.
The first step to mastery in protection is mastering the protection with a trunk maneuver and movement on the horting.
Protection with a trunk maneuver. In this section, trunk maneuvering is presented as a means of protection, which transfers it from the category of initial to basic technical actions for striking and throwing combinations. Protection with a trunk maneuver in combat horting against blows to the body with hands and feet is practically not used, and only protection against kicks to the head remains. Moreover, the scope of these actions is organic and algorithmic.
Protection by moving along the greyhound. Protection by the greyhound maneuver is mainly used against kicks, since contact defense with the hands is more successful against kicks, given its speed and length of the amplitude of the kick. The greyhound maneuver can be performed with a half-step, a full step (with a foot placed) or a jump (jump, bounce). More convenient terms for these actions are: retreats; retreats (side steps), approaches. Retreats (backward steps) are used to protect against all kicks.
With an asymmetric stance, it is advisable to perform the defensive maneuver by retreating with the leg farthest from the opponent, since retreating with the near leg simultaneously requires a change in stance in projection onto the horizontal plane. In this case, the retreat can be interrupted in a half-retreat, which allows you to react more quickly to the changing situation of the fight.
Long-distance retreat. Retreats can be performed with a cross-forward step, while the leg closest to the opponent moves back in front of the supporting far leg. Retreats can also be performed with a back cross-forward step, while the leg closest to the opponent moves back behind the supporting far leg.
Contact protection from a blow. According to the biomechanical logic of the protective movements of the body's limbs, the simplicity of execution and the sequence of their study, it is advisable to determine the methods of contact protection in the following sequence:
stand, i.e., placing a limb link in front of the blow;
block - repelling, parrying the blow with a hand movement.
Protection can be used in combination. It is probably not necessary to list all the options for combined protection, since their full list can be made up of individual technical actions. The above-listed attacking and defensive technical actions are elements in the system of their tactical use. The variety of their combinations will allow a combat horting athlete who is interested in technique and tactics to form and work out to automatism an original complex of minimal but sufficient composition in order to defeat their rivals due to unusualness and novelty, that is, surprise.
Being not ready to respond with the speed of an unconditional reflex to a presented attack or counterattack, they will not be able to resist in a fight, even despite the advantage in functional preparedness, because in competitions, as a rule, fast and powerful movement wins. Such an ability to optimally use the technique is acquired in the process of technical and tactical training at the educational and training stage of preparation. Its main content and system of use are selected individually by each athlete.
Tactics of conducting a fight at close range. In combat horting, close combat plays a decisive role. It should be called the position of the fight close (clinch). The principles of conducting a fight in the clinch position, that is, close, a combat horting athlete should carefully study and practice the actions in it, since grabs and throws, as well as continuing the fight on the ground, are the content of a typical pattern of the vast majority of combat horting fights in general. Otherwise, the opponent will do it. Planned actions in a close combat may include the following elements:
kick or hand;
entering the clinch;
grab;
pushing off or leaving the grab;
knocking the opponent off his feet or throwing;
fighting technique on the ground using striking techniques.
At the same time, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of operational correction of the developed models, adequate to the requirements of the competitive situation, which determines the lability, variability and, ultimately, the effectiveness of the applied tactical models. The ability to intuitively find and implement the right solutions in complex and variable conditions of the fight is associated with the creative abilities of the combat horting athlete, the peculiarities of his thinking, and a kind of sports talent.
Conducting a conditional fight. A conditional fight, that is, a fight according to the trainer's training tasks, is one of the main methodological techniques aimed at mastering and improving the technical and tactical skills of the combat horting athlete. A conditional fight with specific tasks is characterized by bilateral actions of the opposing partners, each of whom can perform actions set by the trainer (one - to attack in a certain way, the other - to defend and counterattack in a certain way).
Thus, in a conditional fight, athletes can act bilaterally with blows to the head, torso and legs from long and medium distances, perform blows to the head with their hands and dodges from them, perform turns for throws and counterattack. Thus, both opponents, remaining relatively limited in the form of a task, using not all blows and not all throws, get a wide opportunity to perform various combinations of combinations and series of direct and side blows in the attack, as well as apply all types of defenses against them.
Conducting a free fight. In a free fight without limiting the actions of partners, no conventions are allowed, except for fulfilling the requirements of the official rules of conducting a fight. Following a competitive fight, a free fight is the main indicator of the technical and tactical diversity of a combat horting athlete, the richness of his creative thinking.
Regardless of the specific tasks of a free fight, the athlete should always strive to make the fight skillful and creatively meaningful, and not allow a rough exchange of blows or stubbornness in throws and simple standing and passive resistance. The goal of such a fight should always be to skillfully beat the opponent in the technique of execution and the speed of techniques by using flexible tactics.
A free fight is the main exercise with the help of which a combat horting athlete develops his own manner and style of fighting. In the process of learning the tactics of effective use of the learned technique, the coach has to adjust the technique of individual combat horting athletes, which inevitably has deviations due to its situational use, for which there are certain recommendations.
Methodology for adjusting the tactics and technique of combat horting athletes.
Combat horting athletes at the stage of sports improvement must repeatedly repeat the movement being improved: first at a uniform slow pace, then accelerating it and, finally, at a given or arbitrarily changed pace; change the conditions in which the technique is performed or with which it is combined. Exercises are repeated from session to session for a long time. The same technique must be repeatedly used in situations of conditional and free combat, which often change.
Improving the technique of techniques should be carried out in a certain sequence, gradually increasing the difficulty of the material. Thus, mastering strikes, a combat horting athlete first improves the general structure of movements in exercises on punching paws, heavy bags, pillows, other equipment, as well as with a partner. Then the conditions gradually become more complicated.
The same happens when improving a throw. First, a combat horting athlete performs a throw several times. Then the partner's resistance gradually increases: at first he uses only defenses, then complements them with counterattacks.
Finally, combat horting athletes practice in a fight in which one partner provides (according to the task), the other first carries out weak, and then active counterattack. All this is done in order to consolidate the correct structure of movements, learn to perform them in a timely manner, choose convenient moments for a strike, and accurately calculate the distance and time for them.
At this stage of training, one should not forget about learning technical and tactical actions in the training line formation (battle box), since this method allows to effectively identify the most characteristic errors in the execution of the elements of the basic combat horting technique. During such work, the coach corrects the methods of movement, turns and turns, striking and blocking techniques of the hands and feet of all the club's athletes, and also brings it to a certain single effective standard of execution, adopted in the organization of combat horting.
"Horting Encyclopedia"
Eduard Yeromenko
© 2014
