The role of hereditary factors in a child's growth and development
THE HUMAN ORGANISM AS A SINGLE WHOLE
The main mechanisms that ensure the holistic unity of the organism.
The organism is a single whole. With the help of the nervous system, a connection is established between all the organs of the organism. Changes in the activity of one organ affect the vital activity of the entire organism. For example, it is enough to prick the skin, as this will immediately affect the heartbeat, breathing, sweating, muscle contraction, etc. The functioning of all systems of the organism is controlled by the central nervous system, which ensures the coordination of their work in accordance with the conditions of the external constantly changing environment.
The holistic unity of the organism is also supported by humoral regulation, through the blood. Various organs of our body secrete substances that enter the blood, and it carries them to all cells, tissues and organs. These substances can cause and support the activity of other organs at a certain level, ensuring their normal functioning. For example, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas affects carbon metabolism; Pituitary hormones entering the blood affect the growth of the body. The humoral connection between organs is controlled by the nervous system.
The concept of the body as a single whole includes the relationship between the physical and the mental. For example, insufficient development of the thyroid gland leads to mental retardation. Children born with an underdeveloped brain have dementia.
The relationship between the structure and functions of organs, between the body and the environment. There is an inextricable link between the form and functions of organs. Thus, the length of the intestines in animals is related to the nature of their nutrition. In herbivorous animals, the intestines are much longer than in carnivorous animals. Such a connection is also observed in the individual development of the body. Physical inertness, a sedentary lifestyle cause weakness of the muscular system. Conversely, physical exercises and sports help strengthen the body and increase efficiency. All this indicates the connection between the structure of the organism and its functions.
Through the nervous system, communication is carried out between organ systems in the organism and between the organism and the environment.
Unlike animals, a person consciously and systematically influences nature in the process of labor activity. He is not limited to a strictly defined living environment and is able to create for himself the conditions necessary for normal life even in an unusual environment. An example is the development of outer space and the depths of the sea by man, the development of the Earth's bowels.
However, since man originated from animals, his body has preserved many anatomical and physiological features inherent in the animal world. Qualitative differences between man and animals arose in connection with social labor activity. That is why interaction not only with nature, but also with the social environment is leading for people.
When studying the anatomical and physiological characteristics of a child, one should take into account the social environment in which it is formed: in what conditions it lives and how it is brought up at home.
The role of hereditary factors in the growth and development of a child. Heredity in children can in some cases manifest itself quite clearly, in others - remain a secondary factor. For example, blood group and type of higher nervous activity are always determined by hereditary factors, while metabolism can change under the influence of environmental conditions. Some - phenotypic - properties of the organism are formed under the influence of environmental factors, others - genotypic - are a manifestation of hereditary factors. Thus, the color of hair, eyes, skin is inherited to a greater extent than the shape of the body, the width of the hand, foot.