Rational nutrition of preschool children
Rational nutrition is a properly organized and timely supply of the body with nutritious food containing the optimal amount of various nutrients necessary for the life, growth and development of the body.
Rational nutrition is based on the following laws:
1. The law of correspondence of the body's energy expenditure to the energy content of the diet.
2. The law of correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body.
3. The law of balance.
4. The law of temporary distribution of food.
5. The law of adequacy.
6. The law of aesthetic pleasure.
7. The law of sanitary good quality and epidemic safety of food.
And after a year of life, nutrition remains an important factor, has a certain impact on physical and neuropsychic development. The daily rate of nutrition changes with the growth of the child. The need for basic ingredients and calories changes. The ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be 1:1,2:4 or 1:1:3
Nutrition of children from 1 -1.5 years
The child eats 5 meals a day, but gradually reduces to 4 meals a day. The initial volume of the daily diet should be up to 1100 ml. They are given rye bread, coffee with milk, soups, raw vegetable salad, vinaigrette, puddings and casseroles. The daily set of products should be 45-50 g of protein, 45-50 g of fat, 160 g of carbohydrates, and up to 1300 g of calories.
Nutrition of children from 1.5 - 3 years
Four meals a day with a total volume of up to 1300-1400 g. The intake of dishes is enriched. You can cook various borscht, pickles, use various mild sauces and seasonings. The volume of milk in the daily diet should be up to 600-650 ml.
The daily diet includes proteins - 53-55 g. Fats - 53-55 g, carbohydrates - 190-200 g, calories - up to 1600.
These children can be given eggs, cottage cheese, milk and kefir, porridge, bread or buns.
Nutrition for children from 3 to 7 years old
Four meals a day with a daily volume of up to 1800 ml. Breakfast includes up to 23% Kcal, lunch - 35-40% Kcal, afternoon snack - 10% Kcal, dinner 20-25% Kcal. The menu can include salty and spicy seasonings. Fried potatoes, goulash are allowed. The amount of protein in the daily diet should reach 63-65% - for children 3-5 years old and 80% for children 7 years old. Similarly, the amount of fats, carbohydrates - up to 230-320 depending on the age of the child, calorie content - up to 2300 Kcal. - for children 7 years old.
These children can be sent to kindergarten. They can be given homemade cottage cheese, sour cream, eggs, bread with butter, buns, milk and fermented milk, fruits, various vegetables.
The ratio of animal proteins:
from 1-3 years old - 75% animal proteins,
from 4-6 years old - 65% animal proteins.
from 7 and older - 50% animal proteins.
DAILY FOOD VOLUME FOR CHILDREN FROM 1 TO 7 YEARS OLD
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Name of dishes
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Age
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|||
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1-1,5
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1,5-2
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3-4
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5-7
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I.Breakfast:
Milk porridge
Meat, fish, cheese meal
Tea, coffee, cocoa
|
150
50
100
|
150
50
150
|
200
60
150
|
200
60
200
|
|
II. Lunch
Salad
Soup, borscht
Meat dish
Garnish
Compote, juice
|
200
100
50
70
100
|
30
150
50-60
100
150
|
40
150
60-70
110-130
150
|
50
300
70
110-150
200
|
|
III. Afternoon snack:
Kefir, milk
Cookies, bun
Fruit
|
150
15
100
|
150
15-45
100
|
200
25-50
100
|
200
200
200
|
|
V. All-day bread:
wheat
rye
|
40
10
|
60
10
|
100
40
|
165
75
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