Tasks of physical education of children | WORLD HORTING FEDERATION

The main content of physical education is to teach the child the basics of physical culture:

1. Mastering the basics of personal hygiene. This includes cleanliness, cleanliness of the body, clothes, shoes, hygiene of the room, daily routine (sleep, nutrition, rational organization of active activities and rest).

From an early age, the child should be taught to systematically care for his body, instill healthy lifestyle skills, a desire to engage in physical culture and sports.

The cultural and hygienic skills that children should master during preschool childhood include:

— eating skills (eating carefully, using dishes, a napkin, etc.);

— body care skills (washing, brushing teeth, combing hair, etc.);

— skills for keeping clothes clean and tidy, maintaining order in the room, cleaning it;

— skills for carrying out various types of activities (games, work, study) in compliance with cultural and hygienic requirements.

2. Tempering the body (carried out using natural factors - sun, air, water).

3. Performing physical exercises, which is the main means of physical education.

The tasks of physical education of preschool children are divided into three groups.

1. Health-improving tasks. These are the protection and strengthening of children's health, tempering the body, increasing its resistance to the harmful effects of the external environment, the timely development of all body systems, increasing their functional capabilities, forming correct posture and foot.

2. Formation of motor skills and abilities, education of physical qualities. This task consists in the development of vital types of motor actions: walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, swimming, riding a bicycle; movements of arms, legs, torso; alignment and rearrangement. Motor activity affects the formation of such physical characteristics of the body as agility, strength, flexibility, speed, general endurance, on which a person’s successful overcoming of various life difficulties depends. The purposeful development of motor skills and qualities should begin at an early age and be organized in accordance with the age and individual capabilities of children.

Of great importance for the health and physical development of a child is the formation of correct posture - the usual position of the body at rest and in motion. Correct posture creates optimal conditions for the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems, and significantly affects well-being and mood. Its violation can be caused by non-compliance with hygienic conditions, insufficient development of the musculoskeletal system, insufficient level of motor activity of children, lack or low level of preventive work, congenital defects. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor compliance with such hygienic conditions of children’s life and activity as lighting, compliance of furniture and clothing, footwear with the age of children; to properly organize physical exercises: running, jumping, climbing, crawling, which strengthen the back muscles and increase the flexibility of the spine. And most importantly, to convince the child of the importance of correct posture for his health and beauty, to teach the rules of self-control while sitting, standing, walking, rational distribution of the load.

3. Education of children of cultural and hygienic skills and skills of a healthy lifestyle. Children should know what is good and what is harmful to the body, and organize their behavior accordingly. The ability to care for the body, clothes, personal belongings, to behave culturally at the table while eating, to maintain order in the room should develop into stable habits. No less important is the acquisition of ideas and knowledge about the benefits of physical education, games, the upbringing of interest in active motor activity, the formation of the need for systematic physical exercises.

Physical education of preschool children solves many general educational tasks. Physical exercises contribute to the knowledge of the surrounding world, the development of the senses, coordination of movements, moral and volitional qualities (courage, responsibility, perseverance, etc.). Tempering procedures, mastery of movements, participation in outdoor and sports games cultivate purposefulness, independence, form the ability to manage one's behavior and one's body. Collective games help to cultivate friendly and sociable relations, a disposition for joint actions, develop the ability to interact, adequately assess the situation, oneself and partners. A sense of beauty and appropriateness of body movements, a habit of cleanliness and accuracy contribute to the upbringing of aesthetic feelings.

Physical education of children cannot be spontaneous, unsystematic, ossified in terms of the forms and methods used. Its organization should be carried out in compliance with the following conditions:

— protection of the child's nervous system, rational alternation of active activity and rest, hygiene of daytime and nighttime sleep;

— the presence of favorable conditions for a constant positive emotional state, the absence of factors that suppress the child's nervous system;

— planning and maintenance in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards of the premises of the kindergarten and playground, equipment of the gym, a sufficient number of sports equipment and toys necessary for each age of children.

The programs of education and training in preschool institutions of Ukraine determine the specific tasks and content of work on the physical education of children of each age group.

For example, the “Baby” program includes care for the physical and mental health of children among the most important tasks of preschool education, the provision of which should be subordinated to the organization of their life, subject and social environment, and all types of activities. The main indicator of the educator's work is physically developed, tempered, active children who calmly and freely communicate with each other and with adults. The content of the section “Raising a Healthy Child” of the program is aimed at the gradual physical improvement of children, providing for a flexible daily routine, optimal daily motor regime. The program orients educators to the use of various forms of work: daily physical education classes, morning and hygienic gymnastics, outdoor games, physical culture breaks, entertainment, holidays, health days, walking, independent motor activity.

The “Child” program identifies the following main tasks of physical education:

— health promotion, comprehensive physical development, hardening, improvement of body functions, increasing the physical and mental performance of children;

— promotion of the formation of correct posture, prevention of flat feet;

— formation of game actions;

— development of motor qualities (agility, speed, strength, flexibility, general endurance);

— upbringing of positive moral and strong-willed character traits of the child;

— promotion of the acquisition of accessible ideas and knowledge about the benefits of physical education, games, basic hygiene requirements and rules;

— fostering interest in active motor activity and the formation of the need for systematic physical exercises.

In the physical education of preschoolers, it is important to adhere to the principle of individualization and differentiation. In kindergartens of the physical education and health-improving type, the functioning of: a general-type group; a physical education and health-improving group, which allows taking into account the interests and abilities of children in mastering various physical exercises; groups of children who, due to their health, belong to the preparatory medical group; groups whose pupils have certain health disorders (special medical groups), disorders of the musculoskeletal system; sports sections; physical education clubs; health and rehabilitation centers.

Thus, physical education is one of the prerequisites for the effectiveness of mental, moral, and aesthetic education, and the appropriate level of general development makes the goal associated with achieving physical perfection attractive.


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Mastering the basics of personal hygiene. This includes cleanliness, cleanliness of the body, clothes, shoes, hygiene of the room, daily routine (sleep, nutrition, rational organization of active activities and rest). From an early age, the child should be taught to systematically care for his body, instill healthy lifestyle skills, a desire to engage in physical culture and sports. The cultural and hygienic skills that children should master during preschool childhood include: — eating skills (eating carefully, using dishes, a napkin, etc.); — body care skills (washing, brushing teeth, combing hair, etc.); — skills for keeping clothes clean and tidy, maintaining order in the room, cleaning it; — skills for carrying out various types of activities (games, work, study) in compliance with cultural and hygienic requirements. 2. Tempering the body (carried out using natural factors - sun, air, water). 3. Performing physical exercises, which is the main means of physical education. The tasks of physical education of preschool children are divided into three groups. 1. Health-improving tasks. These are the protection and strengthening of children's health, tempering the body, increasing its resistance to the harmful effects of the external environment, the timely development of all body systems, increasing their functional capabilities, forming correct posture and foot. 2. Formation of motor skills and abilities, education of physical qualities. This task consists in the development of vital types of motor actions: walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, swimming, riding a bicycle; movements of arms, legs, torso; alignment and rearrangement. Motor activity affects the formation of such physical characteristics of the body as agility, strength, flexibility, speed, general endurance, on which a person’s successful overcoming of various life difficulties depends. The purposeful development of motor skills and qualities should begin at an early age and be organized in accordance with the age and individual capabilities of children. Of great importance for the health and physical development of a child is the formation of correct posture - the usual position of the body at rest and in motion. Correct posture creates optimal conditions for the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems, and significantly affects well-being and mood. Its violation can be caused by non-compliance with hygienic conditions, insufficient development of the musculoskeletal system, insufficient level of motor activity of children, lack or low level of preventive work, congenital defects. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor compliance with such hygienic conditions of children’s life and activity as lighting, compliance of furniture and clothing, footwear with the age of children; to properly organize physical exercises: running, jumping, climbing, crawling, which strengthen the back muscles and increase the flexibility of the spine. And most importantly, to convince the child of the importance of correct posture for his health and beauty, to teach the rules of self-control while sitting, standing, walking, rational distribution of the load. 3. Education of children of cultural and hygienic skills and skills of a healthy lifestyle. Children should know what is good and what is harmful to the body, and organize their behavior accordingly. The ability to care for the body, clothes, personal belongings, to behave culturally at the table while eating, to maintain order in the room should develop into stable habits. No less important is the acquisition of ideas and knowledge about the benefits of physical education, games, the upbringing of interest in active motor activity, the formation of the need for systematic physical exercises. Physical education of preschool children solves many general educational tasks. Physical exercises contribute to the knowledge of the surrounding world, the development of the senses, coordination of movements, moral and volitional qualities (courage, responsibility, perseverance, etc.). Tempering procedures, mastery of movements, participation in outdoor and sports games cultivate purposefulness, independence, form the ability to manage one's behavior and one's body. Collective games help to cultivate friendly and sociable relations, a disposition for joint actions, develop the ability to interact, adequately assess the situation, oneself and partners. A sense of beauty and appropriateness of body movements, a habit of cleanliness and accuracy contribute to the upbringing of aesthetic feelings. Physical education of children cannot be spontaneous, unsystematic, ossified in terms of the forms and methods used. Its organization should be carried out in compliance with the following conditions: — protection of the child's nervous system, rational alternation of active activity and rest, hygiene of daytime and nighttime sleep; — the presence of favorable conditions for a constant positive emotional state, the absence of factors that suppress the child's nervous system; — planning and maintenance in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards of the premises of the kindergarten and playground, equipment of the gym, a sufficient number of sports equipment and toys necessary for each age of children. The programs of education and training in preschool institutions of Ukraine determine the specific tasks and content of work on the physical education of children of each age group. For example, the “Baby” program includes care for the physical and mental health of children among the most important tasks of preschool education, the provision of which should be subordinated to the organization of their life, subject and social environment, and all types of activities. The main indicator of the educator's work is physically developed, tempered, active children who calmly and freely communicate with each other and with adults. The content of the section “Raising a Healthy Child” of the program is aimed at the gradual physical improvement of children, providing for a flexible daily routine, optimal daily motor regime. The program orients educators to the use of various forms of work: daily physical education classes, morning and hygienic gymnastics, outdoor games, physical culture breaks, entertainment, holidays, health days, walking, independent motor activity. The “Child” program identifies the following main tasks of physical education: — health promotion, comprehensive physical development, hardening, improvement of body functions, increasing the physical and mental performance of children; — promotion of the formation of correct posture, prevention of flat feet; — formation of game actions; — development of motor qualities (agility, speed, strength, flexibility, general endurance); — upbringing of positive moral and strong-willed character traits of the child; — promotion of the acquisition of accessible ideas and knowledge about the benefits of physical education, games, basic hygiene requirements and rules; — fostering interest in active motor activity and the formation of the need for systematic physical exercises. In the physical education of preschoolers, it is important to adhere to the principle of individualization and differentiation. In kindergartens of the physical education and health-improving type, the functioning of: a general-type group; a physical education and health-improving group, which allows taking into account the interests and abilities of children in mastering various physical exercises; groups of children who, due to their health, belong to the preparatory medical group; groups whose pupils have certain health disorders (special medical groups), disorders of the musculoskeletal system; sports sections; physical education clubs; health and rehabilitation centers. Thus, physical education is one of the prerequisites for the effectiveness of mental, moral, and aesthetic education, and the appropriate level of general development makes the goal associated with achieving physical perfection attractive.
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